Objectives Prednisolone is a commonly used drug in cats and potential adverse effects include hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency and investigate potential predisposing risk factors for the development of prednisolone-induced diabetes mellitus (PIDM) in cats. Methods The electronic records of a tertiary referral centre were searched for cats receiving prednisolone at a starting dose of ⩾1.9 mg/kg/day, for >3 weeks and with follow-up data available for >3 months between January 2007 and July 2019. One hundred and forty-three cats were included in the study. Results Of the 143 cats, 14 cats (9.7%) were diagnosed with PIDM. Twelve out of 14 cats (85.7%) developed diabetes within 3 months of the initiation of therapy. Conclusions and relevance Cats requiring high-dose prednisolone therapy should be closely monitored over the first 3 months of therapy for the development of PIDM.

An eight-year-old male Siberian husky dog was evaluated for chronic coughing. Thoracic radiography revealed a diffuse bronchointerstitial pattern and dilatation of the left cranial and left caudal lobar bronchi. Bronchoscopy confirmed marked dilatation of the primary bronchi in the left cranial and caudal lung lobes. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed septic, neutrophilic inflammation. A diagnosis of severe, focal, cylindrical bronchiectasis secondary to chronic bronchopneumonia was made. Initially, the dog responded well to antimicrobial therapy; however, clinical signs returned after cessation of therapy and generalised bronchiectasis developed after seven months. Chronic bacterial bronchopneumonia should be considered as a cause of focal and generalised bronchiectasis in dogs.

An 8-year-old male neutered crossbreed dog was presented to the Emergency Referral Service of the Queen Mother Hospital at The Royal Veterinary College for further investigations of a 4-week history of vomiting and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a poor body condition (BCS 3/9) and marked temporal and thoracic limb muscular atrophy. The dog was 5% dehydrated and hypersalivating throughout the exam. Lip-smacking was noted on cranial abdominal palpation, although no abnormalities were palpated. A CBC revealed a mild neutrophilia (14.66; 3-11.5 × 10 9 /L), monocytosis (2.93; 0.15-1.5 × 10 9 /L), and lymphopenia (0.73; 1-4.8 × 10 9 /L), consistent with mild inflammation and/or a corticosteroid response, and mild erythrocytosis (PCV 61%; 37-55%), consistent with clinical dehydration. A moderate hyperbilirubinemia (12.9; 0.1-4.2 μmol/L) was present in the biochemical analysis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse, generalized thickening of the gastric wall (up to 1.5 cm), with a focal, marked region of thickening in the gastric body. The gastric lymph nodes were rounded, moderately enlarged (up to 1 cm diameter) and hypoechoic. The perigastric peritoneal fat was markedly hyperechoic, consistent with regional steatitis/ peritonitis.The gastric thickening and gastric lymph nodes were aspirated, and the cytologic preparations were submitted for examination.Slides were stained using modified Wright stain (Hematek3000, Siemens) (Figures 1 and 2).