An optimal load-tracking operation strategy for a grid-connected tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is studied based on the steady-state analysis of the system thermodynamics and electrochemistry. Control of the SOFC is achieved by a two-level hierarchical control system. In the upper level, optimal setpoints of output voltage and the current corresponding to unit load demand is obtained through a nonlinear optimization by minimizing the SOFC's internal power waste. In the lower level, a combined L1-MPC control strategy is designed to achieve fast set point tracking under system nonlinearities, while maintaining a constant fuel utilization factor. To prevent fuel starvation during the transient state resulting from the output power surging, a fuel flow constraint is imposed on the MPC with direct electron balance calculation. The proposed control schemes are testified on the grid-connected SOFC model.

The paper introduces the principle of on-line monitoring of the dielectric loss factor of capacitive equipment and the composition of the monitoring system. It explains the software-based mathematical analysis method and harmonic analysis method, and uses DSP for digital filtering. At the same time, the paper establishes an intelligent auxiliary monitoring terminal in the substation, uses the equipment ADP+ equipment protocol library to dynamically connect to various auxiliary monitoring equipment, uses signal frequency conversion sampling, alarm recording and other acquisition strategies to extract key equipment operation information, and hierarchically redundant storage data. Improve the real-time monitoring level of operating equipment and reduce the cost of operation and maintenance.

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