BackgroundCommon vaccinations may have impacts on dementia risk, but current evidence is inconsistent. We therefore investigated the association between vaccinations and dementia risk by systematic review and meta-analysis approach.MethodsWe conducted an extensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify studies that compared the risk of dementia in vaccinated versus unvaccinated populations. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled as measures.ResultsOf the 9124 records initially retrieved, 17 studies with 1857134 participants were included in our analysis. The overall pooled results showed that vaccinations were associated with a 35% lower dementia risk (HR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.60-0.71, Poverall effect < 0.001; I2 =91.8%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). All types of vaccination were associated with a trend toward reduced dementia risk, with rabies (HR=0.43), tetanus & diphtheria & pertussis (Tdap) (HR=0.69), herpes zoster (HR=0.69), influenza (HR=0.74), hepatitis A (HR=0.78), typhoid (HR=0.80), and hepatitis B (HR=0.82) vaccinations being significant. Individuals with more full vaccination types and more annual influenza vaccinations were less likely to develop dementia. Gender and age had no effect on this association.ConclusionRoutine adult vaccinations are associated with a significant reduction in dementia risk and may be an effective strategy for dementia prevention. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal effects of this association and the underlying mechanisms.

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Nanostructured GdPO4 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were prepared by air plasma spraying, and their phase structure evolution and microstructure variation due to calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) attack have been investigated. The chemical composition of the coating is close to that of the agglomerated particles used for thermal spraying. Nanozones with porous structure are embedded in the coating microstructure, with a percentage of ~30%. CMAS corrosion tests indicated that nanostructured GdPO4 coating is highly resistant to penetration by molten CMAS at 1250°C. Within 1 hour heat treatment duration, a continuous dense reaction layer forms on the coating surface, which are composed of P–Si apatite based on Ca2+xGd8−x(PO4)x(SiO4)6−xO2, anorthite and spinel phases. This layer provides effective prevention against CMAS further infiltration into the coating. Prolonged heat treatment densifies the reaction layer but does not change its phase composition.