Post-neurosurgical meningitis (PNM) often leads to serious consequences; unfortunately, the commonly used clinical diagnostic methods of PNM are time-consuming or have low specificity. To realize the accurate and convenient diagnosis of PNM, herein, we propose a comprehensive strategy for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis based on a machine-learningaided cross-reactive sensing array. The sensing array involves three Eu 3+ -doped metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), which can generate specific fluorescence responding patterns after reacting with potential targets in CSF. Then, the responding pattern is used as learning data to train the machine learning algorithms. The discrimination confidence for artificial CSF containing different components of molecules, proteins, and cells is from 81.3 to 100%. Furthermore, the machine-learning-aided sensing array was applied in the analysis of CSF samples from post-neurosurgical patients. Only 25 μL of CSF samples was needed, and the samples could be robustly classified into "normal," "mild," or "severe" groups within 40 min. It is believed that the combination of machine learning algorithms with robust data processing capability and a lanthanide luminescent sensor array will provide a reliable alternative for more comprehensive, convenient, and rapid diagnosis of PNM.

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Background The ovarian reserve is a reservoir for reproductive potential. In clinical practice, early detection and treatment of premature ovarian decline characterized by abnormal ovarian reserve tests is regarded as a critical measure to prevent infertility. However, the relevant data are typically stored in an unstructured format in a hospital’s electronic medical record (EMR) system, and their retrieval requires tedious manual abstraction by domain experts. Computational tools are therefore needed to reduce the workload. Methods We presented RegEMR, an artificial intelligence tool composed of a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) extractor and a knowledge-based disease scoring model, to automatize the screening procedure of premature ovarian decline using Chinese reproductive EMRs. We used regular expressions (REs) as a text mining method and explored whether REs automatically synthesized by the genetic programming-based online platform RegexGenerator +  + could be as effective as manually formulated REs. We also investigated how the representativeness of the learning corpus affected the performance of machine-generated REs. Additionally, we translated the clinical diagnostic criteria into a programmable disease diagnostic model for disease scoring and risk stratification. Four hundred outpatient medical records were collected from a Chinese fertility center. Manual review served as the gold standard, and fivefold cross-validation was used for evaluation. Results The overall F-score of manually built REs was 0.9444 (95% CI 0.9373 to 0.9515), with no significant difference (paired t test p > 0.05) compared with machine-generated REs that could be affected by training set sizes and annotation portions. The extractor performed effectively in automatically tracing the dynamic changes in hormone levels (F-score 0.9518–0.9884) and ultrasonographic measures (F-score 0.9472–0.9822). Applying the extracted information to the proposed diagnostic model, the program obtained an accuracy of 0.98 and a sensitivity of 0.93 in risk screening. For each specific disease, the automatic diagnosis in 76% of patients was consistent with that of the clinical diagnosis, and the kappa coefficient was 0.63. Conclusion A Chinese NLP system named RegEMR was developed to automatically identify high risk of early ovarian aging and diagnose related diseases from Chinese reproductive EMRs. We hope that this system can aid EMR-based data collection and clinical decision support in fertility centers.