Detection of spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the major problems in MRI images to detect the affected portion of spinal cord regions using feature sets. Automatic detection of spinal cord atrophy is complex due to change in structure, size, and white matter. Delineating gray matter and white matter are the essential factors that influence the detection of spinal cord atrophy and its severity. Automatic segmentation and classification are accurate methods for detecting the severity of the SCI. Hierarchical segmentation, partitioning segmentation, graph, and watershed segmentation methods are used to find the SCI segments in static fixed positions. Also, these segmentation models result in a high false positive rate due to over segmentation features and noise in the segmented regions. Furthermore, these classification methods fail to segment and detect the severity level in the affected region due to over segmentation. In order to overcome these issues, a novel segment-based classification model is required to find the severity of the injury and to predict the disease patterns on the over segmented regions and features. In the present model, a hybrid image threshold technique is used to segment the spinal cord regions for non-linear SVM classification approach. Among the traditional feature segmentation-based classification models, the proposed thresholdbased non-linear SVM has better accuracy for SCI detection. The results proved that the present model is more efficient than the earlier approaches in terms of true positive rate (TP = 0.9783) and accuracy (0.9683).

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The aim and scope of the paper is to simulate the signal propagation parameters estimation through designed multi-layer fibre with higher dominant modes by using OptiFibre simulation software. The multi-layer fibre profile has a length of 1000 m is designed and clarified with six layers. RI difference profile variations are clarified with radial distance variations. Modal/group index, group delay, dispersion, mode field diameter and total fibre losses are demonstrated with the fibre wavelength variations. All the dominant mode field distribution for multi-layer fibre are simulated and demonstrated. The other modes for designed multi-layer fibre with the theoretical fibre cutoff values for the different modes based the designed multi-layer fibre are analyzed and clarified clearly in details.

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