Facial burns are generally considered severe. This is due to the possibility of respiratory complications. First responders check the nostrils for singed hairs. In severe cases there may be soot around the nose and mouth and coughing may produce phlegm that includes ash. Facial and inhalational burns compromise airways. They pose difficulties in pre-hospital resuscitation and are challenge to clinicians managing surviving burn victims in the intensive care setting. Management problems – resuscitation, airway maintenance and clinical treatment of facial injuries are compounded if the victim is child. Inhalational burns reduce survivability, certainly in adult victim. In our retrospective study we found that facial burns dominated in male gender, liquids and scalds are the most common causes of facial burns in children whereas the flame and electricity were the most common causes of facial burns in adults. We came to the conclusion in our study that surgical treatment minimizes complications and duration of recovery.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLAREDCholedochal cyst is a congenital cystic dilation of a part of bile duct that occurs most commonly in the main part of common bile duct. Diagnosis of choledochal cyst is concluded upon disproportionate expansion of extrahepatic bile duct. Symptom trias are: abdominal pain, jaundice and abdominal mass represent clinical guideline signs of diagnosis. Furthermore, hepato-biliary diseases in adults can conceal the primary condition. In addition to this, ultrasound, CT, MRI, cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), transhepatic percutane cholangiography (PTC) guide us for a detailed examination in order to verify the diagnosis. Active endoscopic cholangiography represents an important technique that provides needed anatomic solution and details in diagnosis of choledochal cyst.

Background: Tissue expansion (TE) is one of the major developments in reconstructive surgery. The objective of this research was a retrospective analysis of our 10-year experience in correcting burn sequelae, traumas, and scars by the method of TE. Methods and Results: A retrospective study was conducted at the Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (UCCK, Prishtina) from January 2009 to December 2019. The sample included 67 patients (43[64.2%] females and 24[35.8%] males) treated with tissue expanders for reconstructive purposes. The most common indication for TE was burn sequelae, trauma, and scars from previous surgery. One hundred and thirty-five expanders were placed on 67 patients, and 128 operative interventions were performed. Burn sequelae (55.2%) were the main reason for TE. The age of patients was in the range of 0-50 years (mean age of 20.5 years). The predominant age groups were 11-20 years (49.2%) and 21-30 (40.3%). The most common anatomical region for TE was the head, including the face and neck (47.8%), followed by the trunk (22.4%), the lower extremities (16.4%), and the upper extremities (13.4%). Most patients underwent only one (61.2%) or two surgical interventions (31.3%); three surgical interventions were performed in 7.5% of cases. One expander was placed in the vast majority of our patients (83.6%), two expanders in 13.4% of cases, and three expanders in 3.0% Patients with expanders on the head and neck experienced more major complications (12.5%), which ended with the removal of the expander, than those with expanders on the trunk (6.7%) and lower extremities (9.1%). Minor complications most often (18.2%) occurred on the lower extremities. These complications were evidenced by pain and transient ischemia, which did not preclude the attainment of reconstructive goals. Patients of 0 to 10 years of age had only minor complications. Occurrences of major complications were the most frequent in the age groups of 11-20(9.1%), 21-30(11.1%), and 31-40(33.3%) years. Conclusion: The results of our retrospective study on the efficacy of cutaneous expansion procedures are broadly in line with other research reported in the literature. Attention to different aspects of TE, including careful patient selection and meticulous attention to intervention detail, are the main conditions for the success of this reconstructive surgery.

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