Tanaman padi yang subur akan menghasilkan gabah yang banyak. Pemberian pupuk dengan komposisi yang tepat sangat membantu pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Salah satu faktor untuk irigasi air yang tepat adalah melakukan monitoring lingkungan fisik tanaman padi seperti nilai kelembaban dan suhu tanah. Nilai kelembaban tanah menjadi indikator tanaman padi dapat menyerap nutrisi yang tesedia dengan baik atau tidak. Sistem monitoring kualitas tanah tanaman padi dengan parameter perubahan kelembaban dan suhu tanah berbasis internet of things akan membantu petani dalam menentukan debit air yang sesuai. Penerapan sistem kendali jarak jauh pada sistem monitoring ini telah berhasil diterapkan dengan kecepatan rata-rata pengendalian sebesar 1,2 s. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai kelembaban tanah sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil panen, yaitu dengan nilai kelembaban 53% menghasilkan 800 kg gabah dari lahan seluas 600 m sedangkan dengan nilai kelembaban tanah sebesar 68% menghasilkan 500-600 kg gabah dari lahan seluas 350 m.

The availability of electrical energy needs in Indonesia causes the energy reserves on earth to decrease. This encourages the government to look for alternative energy sources that aim to produce large enough alternative energy with good quality and quality, but do not have an impact on the environment. There are many alternative energies that can be developed in Indonesia, one of which is the Off Grid Solar Power Generation System (PLTS), which is an alternative power generation system for remote areas or rural areas that are not covered by the PLN electricity network. The difficulty of access to the location makes the investment costs for the development of conventional electricity networks large, as well as low operational and maintenance costs due to the difficulty of transportation routes to the location, as was done in the design of equipment in the Semeru disaster post area. To use these solar panels, a Solar Charger Controller (SCC) of 30 A is needed then PLTS is used with an Off-Grid configuration, a generation capacity of 100 Wp, a 1×35 Ah battery, and an Inverter 1000 W and LM 2596. From the results of the study, it was found that The solar cell at 15.00 produces an output voltage of 17.78 V and an output current of 4.46 A. The SCC produces an output voltage of 12.3 V and a current of 3.8 A. The battery output current depends on the intensity of sunlight that occurs when The solar panel is charging the battery.

The source of water flow in rivers or irrigation canals has a relatively small flow rate of water, which can be used as a pico hydropower plant. One of the main components of a pico hydropower plant is a water wheel, a hybrid pico hydropowerplant is a combination of hydroelectric power and solar power. By utilizing the power of the water flow in a small river or ditch in Wukirsari hamlet, we designed a waterwheel that will convert the energy of motion into electrical energy. The solar panel system designer uses a 50 wp solar cell, a 300 W inverter, a 10 Ampere solar charger controller, and a 12 Volt, 32 Ah battery. The no-load test results on the performance of the single pinwheels and the performance of the double pinwheels at a water level of 37 cm get an average power of 3.2 W and 2.11 W. The resulting voltage is 6.72 V, the current is 0.46 A for a single mill, while for the double pinwheel the voltage is 5,26 , and the current is 0.38 A. From the experimental results, it is better if the single pinwheel and the double pinwheel are used. In a series of no-load solar panels fromPower test results, at 11.00 GMT+7 the highest power value was 33.25 W. The electricity generated by the pico hydro hybrid was used by the people of Wukirsari Hamlet as street lighting. Key words: water wheel, hybrid power, solar panels

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Designing automatic midges for rice plants, in addition to trapping and repelling insect pests, can alsokill pests that always interfere with the growth of rice plants automatically based on microcontrollers. In thisdesign, PIR, ultrasonic sensors, and ESP32 are used as control systems. Ultrasonic sensors are used to emitultrasonic waves as a pest disruptor that wants to get close to rice plants. The PIR sensor itself is set to detectpests approaching plants and then react to the ultrasonic sensor to emit waves to disturb pests that perch on riceplants. The PIR sensor will work by capturing the thermal energy possessed by insect pests in front of the sensor. This is where the Arduino plays a role as a controller, which will carry out the execution. The use of this electric racket module is to give a sting to pests if the pests caught directly perch on the wire surrounding the lamp, where the wire has been supplied with a high electrical voltage even with a small electrical voltage input. In addition, the use of the module here is useful for killing pests that perch on traps if pests are not disturbed by waves emitted by ultrasonic sensors. The test results show that the performance of the designed system can function properly. The designed system can detect objects in the form of insect pests and can accurately display data to the 16x2 LCD.