Understanding the concept of numeral symbols in early childhood is fundamental to understanding mathematical concepts in the future. In view of that, children aged 4-5 years found many problems such as unable to distinguish the form of number symbols, unappropriated learning strategies, and monotonous learning activities. This study aimed to: (1) develop the learning strategies using number circuit games to introduce numeral symbols for 4-5-year-old-children; (2) assess the effectiveness of implementing number circuit games as the learning strategies introducing numeral symbols for 4-5-year-old children. ADDIE with five stages – namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation – was adopted in this research. The data were analyzed descriptively through qualitative and quantitative techniques. The evidence revealed that: (1) the introduction of numeral symbols for 4-5-year-old children by memorizing and understandings required the implementation of game-based learning strategies; (2) number circuit games which were modified based on the material, the implementation, and the purpose were suitable for children of 4-5 years old; (3) learning strategies using number circuit games to introduce numeral symbols for children of 4-5 year with p-value. Sig 0.000 < 0.05 had revealed that there were significant differences in children’s ability in identifying the numeral symbols.
The aim of this study is to knowing the impact and differences of audiovisual media and conventional media toward the ability on (1) counting, (2) measurement and (3) geometric for children agile 4-5-year-old. The method used in this study is experimental methods with quasi experimental design. The subject of this study are children in agile 4-5year-old in Rahmatullah Kindergarten, Banyuwangi City, Indonesia which are 84 children in total from middle-up background of family. The authors used interview and data collection instrument through audiovisual media. Technique of analysis of this study consist of data prerequisites test and data hypothesis test. The data test prerequisites consist of normality, homogeneity, and linearity test. While data hypothesis test uses analysis covariance with 5% of significance level. According to the result on data hypothesis test on ability of counting, measurement, and geometric shows sig analysis covariance variable at 0,000 < 0,05. Therefore we can conclude that there is impact and differences on the using of audiovisual media and conventional media toward ability on (1) counting, (2) measurement, and (3) geometric for children agile 4-5-year-old.
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is the disorders that is related to motor motion, so it has influence on academic process and children's daily activity. Children of DCD gets difficulty to follow physical activity and it has impact of unable in learning. Numeral circuit is the development of circuit game model. This research aims to know the impact of numeral circuit game for children of DCD designed with adding numbers in each number post for preschool children experiencing the difficulty in differentiating numeral symbol. 15 children participate on this research. This research method is quantitative analysis (pre and posttest) states that numeral circuit including physical activity rise significantly t = 0,385 on the physical activity and t = 0, 233 on number sense.
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