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Our results demonstrate that the current dose of combined red and blue PBM improves the healing of sutured skin incisions in minipigs.

ABSTRACT:The aim of this study was to determine reference values of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in 32 clinically healthy bitches. The average age of the bitches in each group was as follows: small breeds 3.50 ± 2.30, medium breeds 3.83 ± 3.21, large breeds 6.00 ± 3.22 and giant breeds 2.40 ± 2.43. The average weight in each group was as follows: 1 st group 7.94 kg ± 1.84, 2 nd group 22.38 kg ± 2.77, 3 rd group 35.94 kg ± 7.16, and 4 th group 52.75 kg ± 5.04. The cancer markers were determined using human kits. The mean values of the carcinoembryotic antigen markers ± SD were as follows: 1 st group 0.18 ± 0.03, 2 nd group 0.20 ± 0.03, 3 rd group 0.22 ± 0.01, 4 th group 0.18 ± 0.04. The statistical significance for the carcinoembryonic antigen markers was P = 0.0042**.The values of cancer antigen markers ± SD were: 4.90 ± 1.04, 4.80 ± 1.13, 5.90 ± 1.22, and 4.72 ± 0.97, respectively. The cancer antigen values were statistically insignificant (P = 0.1762). Based on obtained values of the mean 95%, we expect a standard for carcinoembryonic antigen of 0.00-0.23 ng/ml and for cancer antigen 0.0-7.00 IU/ml. The results of the present study show that it is possible to use human kits for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in clinically healthy bitches using the radioimmunoassay method. Cancers in human medicine, like in veterinary medicine, have a tendency to grow and are a result of various external and internal factors (MacEwen 1990). Mammary gland tumours have serious effects on female health (Winer et al. 2001), and are the most common type of oncological disease to affect women between the ages of 40-45 (Bland et al. 2005). Mammary gland tumours are the second most common neoplasia found in dogs (Capik et al. 2008), and constitute 42% of all tumours found in bitches. (Brodey et al. 1983). KeywordsThe most common type of mammary gland tumours in women histologically are carcinomas, and more specifically, invasive ductal carcinomas (Akiyama and Horii 2009). In bitches, mammary gland tumours are malignant or benign, and originate from various types of tissue in the breast (epithelial or glandular tissue, mesenchymal or interstitial tis- Original PaperVeterinarni Medicina, 58, 2013: (5): 277-283 278 sue). The majority of those presented are classified as epithelial tumour carcinomas (Misdorp 1999).Mammary gland tumours in bitches most commonly occur between 8-10 years of age. Breeds with a higher predisposition include the Poodle, English Cocker spaniel, English Setter, Dachshunds, and some terriers. Breeds with a lower predisposition are the Boxer, Chihuahua, Beagle, and some hounds (Kitchel and Loard 1997). Approximately 65% of all mammary gland tumours are observed in the caudal pair of glands. Risk factors for tumour formation are exogenous sex hormones. Other risk factors include repeated pseudopregnancy, and mastopathy (Hahn et al. 1992). The incidence of mammary gland tumours is more common in intact bitches (Benjamin et al. 1999). Although modern technology and...

ABSTRACT:The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) provides cranio-caudal stability, prevents hyperextension and constrains medial rotation of the tibia in the canine stifle joint and CCL rupture is the leading cause of hind leg lameness in dogs. Treatment of CCL rupture aims to resolve lameness caused by joint instability and provide good long-term function of the affected hind limb. The extracapsular technique is one of the most popular methods to restore joint stability. The technique involves a suture loop that is placed around the lateral fabella and through the tibial tuberosity. The ideal suture material should be strong, aseptic, easily handled, inexpensive, and provide excellent knot security and knot compactness. A critical property of the loop is the application of either a knot or crimp to maintain the tension on the loop. There is a variety of orthopaedic suture materials used for the extracapsular technique. Our aim was to compare the mechanical properties of four commercially available materials in pure tension. The materials tested were monofilament nylon leader (MNL) 100 lb, MNL 80 lb, Supramid and Silon. Our second objective was to compare the interoperator variability of applying either a knot or a crimp to secure the suture loop. Ultimate tensile strength was greatest with MNL 100 lb (373 N) followed by MNL 80 lb (285 N), Supramid (160 N) and Silon (103 N). Based on our results, we conclude that MNL 100 lb and MNL 80 lb are mechanically superior to Silon and Supramid. Our study also shows significant effects for the operator and method of loop fixation (P < 0.0001). Intraoperator differences were also found to be significant, for operator 1 (P < 0.0001), for operator 2 (P < 0.001) and operator 3 (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that MNL is most suitable orthopaedic material and that loop fixation should remain the method of choice for surgeons treating CCL.

The aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, sodium, urea, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin, insulin growth factor 1, and glucose in the blood serum and to monitor the body weight changes in nine clinically healthy Lipizzan mares at weekly intervals within 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the parturition. A significant body weight loss (P < 0.01) was found in the mares after the foaling. The peak of insulin growth factor 1 concentration in serum was reached at the day of parturition and similar patterns were revealed for the concentrations of insulin and glucose. After parturition, all these indices were significantly decreased. The concentrations of phosphorus and triacylglycerols were decreased, while the concentrations of potassium and sodium were increased at the day of parturition. Moreover, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was increased at the day of parturition (P < 0.05) with a tendency to higher values even on the 7 th day postpartum. Other studied indexes remained relatively stable throughout the transition period. We can conclude that periparturient mares face some degree of negative energy balance with concomitant significant homeostatic and homeorhetic changes. For this reason, our results can be used as a basis for reference values and a diagnostic tool to examine the health status in horses during the transition period. Horse, metabolic indices, transition phase, homeostatic changes, homeorhetic changesThe peripartal period is a very challenging interval of life of dams due to the decreased feed intake in the late gestation that is accompanied by the increasing metabolic demands of the foetus, and then after the parturition due to the onset of milk production to cover the nutritional requirements of the offspring as well as for the postpartum (p.p.) recovery of the dam. It is well understood mostly from research performed on high-yielding animals, that all these events trigger different cascades of metabolic reactions as a part of the adaptation mechanisms of the organism of the dam concomitant to the transition from the pregnant non-lactating state to the non-pregnant lactating state. From the physiological point of view, the endocrine changes in mares around the parturition have been well described but only limited literature data are available in the field of biochemistry. It is known that especially during the transition period, both pregnant and lactating mares are highly vulnerable to various health disorders which could lead to different productive and reproductive problems (Reed et al. 2010). For this reason, it is recommended to perform a set of metabolic blood tests in dams over the transition to determine the dynamics of homeostatic and homeorhetic changes, and thus predict the course of puerperium in these animals. In general, the assessment of energy balance (non-esterified fatty ac...