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ABSTRACT. The accession of ten new countries into the structures of the European Union in May 2004 resulted in their airspaces being covered by the Open Skies agreements. Deregulation and the entry of low cost carriers into these markets contributed to dynamic growth in the air traffic, which most strongly influenced the operations of regional airports. Growing passenger air transport market resulted in an investment projects which enlarged the capacity of the airports. The theory states that after the investment projects have been introduced, there should appear a fall in airports efficiency in a short term perspective. The scale of airport projects oversize the demand just after the project (a new terminal or a new runway). The principal aim of this paper is to examine the impact of investment projects on the efficiency of regional airports in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The German airports' projects were analysed as the benchmark.

In turbulent times of crisis the variability of both EBIT and operating revenue increase in comparison to a relatively stable post crisis period. The main aim of this paper is to investigate this relationship across these two periods. The hypothesis is that the degree of operating leverage (DOL) is significantly higher during the crisis period (2007-2010) than in the post-crisis period (2011-2015). Additionally the authors checked whether there were significant differences across defined industries and also verified whether all industries had responded in the same way to Financial Crisis as far as DOL is concerned. The main findings are: (a) The Financial Crisis of the years 2008-2009 significantly influenced the DOL of Polish stock companies; (b) There are substantial differences of the DOL across industries; (c) The DOL in the case of all industries investigated changed in the same direction when comparing two selected subperiods.

The issue of employment insecurity in the perspective of economy uberisation was discussed in the paper. The paper is a contribution to discussion on growing employment insecurity and atypical, substandard forms of employment. It was underlined that growing importance of insecure employment forms, coupled with relatively lower competitiveness of individuals performing this kind of work, lead to a higher income and expenditure disparity and a rising scope of social exclusion. The basic aim of the paper was to indicate the changes occurring on the labour market, including increasing insecurity of employment. The paper defines challenges and threats resulting from uberisation of the economy and increasing employment precariousness.

ABSTRACT. All companies which have to pay fixed costs face the problem of operating risk measured by operating leverage. In the case of sales growth (fall), the mechanism of operating leverage accelerates a rise (decrease) in operating profit. The strength of the impact of the operating leverage effect depends on the share of fixed costs in the structure of operating costs. The bigger the share, the stronger the change in the sale volume multiplies the change in operating profit. This is the reason why companies that are heavily burdened by fixed costs, specifically depreciation, should be characterized as those having a higher level of operating risk. The aim of the research the results of which are presented in this article was to test two hypotheses: firstly, production companies are characterized by a higher level of operating risk than service and trade enterprises and, secondly, the lowest level of operating risk characterizes trade companies.