Even with impressive advances in application specific models, we still lack knowledge about how to build a model that can learn in a human-like way and do multiple tasks.To learn in a human-like way, we need to provide a diverse experience that is comparable to human's. In this paper, we introduce our ongoing effort to build a simulated environment for developmental robotics (SEDRo). SEDRo provides diverse human experiences ranging from those of a fetus to a 12th month old. A series of simulated tests based on developmental psychology will be used to evaluate the progress of a learning model. We anticipate SEDRo to lower the cost of entry and facilitate research in the developmental robotics community.

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Background: One of the main causes of post-operative morbidity in cardiac surgical patient is excessive bleeding requiring transfusion of blood component after CPB. Re-exploration due to bleeding occurs in 2% to 7% of post bypass patient and 50% to 80% of these patients not having any identifiable surgical bleeding source. Tranexamic acid is competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activator and at higher concentration a non-competitive inhibitor of plasmin. It is 10 times more potent than Epsilone Aminocaproic Acid in preventing post-operative haemorrhage following CPB. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2009 and December 2010. The Study population was divided into two groups. Group A comprised of 35 patients, who had received Tranexamic Acid 10 mg /kg after induction and then 1 mg/kg/hour till time of protamin infusion and Group B comprised of 35 patients who had received same amount of normal saline 0.9% NaCl as placebo. Results: The postoperative bleeding during both 1 to 4 hours and 4 to 24 hours was significantly lower in the Tranexamic Acid group as compared to the placebo group (p value <0.001). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of platelet count and prothrombin time. Conclusion: From the study, we conclude that “Perioperative Administration of Tranexamic acid reduces post operative bleeding and also reduces the need for postoperative blood transfusion in CABG patents using Cardiopulmonary bypass”. Therefore it is recommended that routine prophylactic use of Tranexamic Acid should be carried out to decrease the postoperative hemorrhage and requirement blood transfusion. Cardiovasc. j. 2019; 12(1): 20-23

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder worldwide and is associated with significant pain and disability. The introduction of 25% Dextrose injection has been viewed as an advance in the management of OA knee. Methods: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 84 cases in the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) department of BSMMU. Group A, 42 patients received single dose 25% Dextrose injection intra articular 8ml, exercise and ADL; Group B, 42 patients received exercise and ADL. Outcomes were measured by OA specific translated and validated Bengali instrument- Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS 0-10). They were followed up for 6 months. Result: At the initial stage and in week 4, there was no statistical difference between two groups regarding VAS score (as p value was >0.05). But in week 12 and 24, there was highly significant statistical difference regarding VAS score between two groups as the p value was <0.001. Again at the initial stage and week 4, there was no statistical difference between two groups regarding stiffness and physical function score. But in week 12 and 24, there was significant statistical difference regarding stiffness and physical function score between two groups as the p value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: Intra-articular injection of 25% dextrose administered to patients with OA knee has significant effects in pain reduction and functional improvement. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.2, October, 2020, Page 138-144

Background: Current cardioplegic technique during conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) does not consistently avoid myocardial ischemic damage in high risk patients. Alternatively revascularization without CPB is not always technically feasible. The on-pump beating technique eliminates global myocardial ischemia and thus reduce the mortality and morbidity in high risk patients. This study evaluates the early surgical outcomes of on-pump beating-heart CABG in comparison to conventional CABG. Methods: In this prospective study 60 high risk patients with EURO-SCORE of 6 and above were prospectively allocated into two groups in non-randomized way. Among them 30 patients underwent on-pump beating-heart CABG and 30 patients underwent conventional CABG. The early surgical clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: On-pump beating heart CABG significantly reduced the duration of operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, postoperative ventilation time and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Total blood loss and transfusion requirement were less with reduced Peak Creatine-Kinase level in On-pump beating heart CABG. 30 day mortality was less in On-pump beating heart CABG group (6.7% versus 13.3%). No significant differences between the groups were found in morbidity regarding stroke, renal failure, mediastinitis and atrial arrhythmia. Conclusion: On-pump beating heart CABG can be performed safely in high risk patients. It is still associated with the detrimental effect of CPB but eliminates intra-operative global myocardial ischemia. Cardiovasc. j. 2019; 12(1): 13-19