BACKGROUNDContinuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis (CCC) is an essential step for cataract surgery. CCC in white intumescent cataract is more challenging due to multiple factors like swollen lens, stretched thin capsule, liquefied cortex obstructing the view and no fundus glow.The aim of the study is to formulate guidelines to achieve perfect Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis (CCC) in intumescent cataract undergoing small incision cataract surgery.

BACKGROUNDMeibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) is widely prevalent condition that is associated with evaporative dry eye disease. Many a times, patients are not symptomatic, so the condition goes unnoticed in early stages.The aim of the study is to investigate the association of MGD in relation to age, occupation and lid hygiene in rural population. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn our prospective observational study, 100 patients in each case and control group were enrolled and detailed personal history including occupational, medical and drug history was recorded. Symptoms and visual acuity of patients was recorded followed by examination of lids, adnexa, ocular surface and surrounding nasal and paranasal area. MGD was graded as per the quality and expressibility of meibomian gland secretion. RESULTSPrevalence of MGD increases with advancing age. Chi-square test is suggestive of strong association with increasing age and MGD (x 2 =58.3; P<0.0001). MGD in rural population is more severe in animal handlers as compared to farmers and other occupations. Chi-square test of association was statistically significant (x 2 =51.49, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONWe conclude that prevalence of MGD increases with advancing age and severity of MGD is more in animal handlers as compared to farmers and other occupations. Patient education on correct lid scrubbing and effective lid warming practices must be followed meticulously. KEYWORDSMGD, Occupation and MGD, MGD and Animal Handler, Lid Hygiene and MGD. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Pawar SA, Bandhu SD. Evaluation of aetiological factors for meibomian gland dysfunction in rural population. J. Evid. Based Med.

BACKGROUNDThis prospective study was undertaken to evaluate various donor factors affecting the corneal graft survival to stress on maximum and best utilisation of donor material without compromising the graft outcome.The aim of this article is to study and correlate effects of corneal morbidity status of deceased and its effect on donor corneas, correlation between time of death and enucleation in relation to time of day, season of the year and influence of various environmental and climatic factors on donor cornea. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll surgeries were performed by single experienced anterior segment surgeon. Donor age, cause of death, duration of illness, time of death and time interval between death to enucleation (preservation) time were recorded. Time of the day (morning, afternoon and night) and Season of the year (summer, winter, rainy) along with Place of death (at home/ hospital/ road traffic accident) of donor was studied in relation to corneal graft survival. Only uncomplicated cases of corneal opacity and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy for penetrating keratoplasty were included in the study group. Statistical Analysis-Chi-square test of significance was applied. Setting and Study Design-This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. RESULTIn a series of 40 penetrating keratoplasty performed during 24 months' time period, the overall percentage of clear graft was 55.26% at a mean 24 months followup. The survival of the graft did not differ significantly with donor age, (X 2 = 3.172, P= 0.204). However, more number of grafts from males survived as compared to those from females in our study, (X 2 = 9.025, P= .002). Survival of donor graft was not statistically significant for different death to enucleation time, (X 2 =0.5, P=0.90). Two patients were lost for followup. CONCLUSIONCorneas should not be refused for surgery if they satisfy tissue acceptance criteria for optical purpose when corneas are retrieved from aged donors, procured from hospitals/ refrigerated bodies despite prolonged death to enucleation time.

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