Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are important causes of morbidity, mortality in hospitals and the community worldwide. MRSA has been known to acquire resistance to most antibiotics like β-lactams and aminoglycosides so these strains are more virulent. Aims and Objectives: Therefore the knowledge and determination of prevalence of MRSA and their current antimicrobial profile becomes necessary to the clinicians to avoid clinical complications from community-acquired and hospital acquired MRSA infection. Materials and Methods: A total of two hundred five different samples from different clinical specialties were collected and processed by appropriate microbiological technique like staining, culture, biochemical test and antimicrobial susceptibility test by the use of different antibiotic discs. Results: The present study shows that 47 MRSA strains out of 105 men comprising 44.76%, whereas in case of females it was 29% i.e, 29 MRSA strains out of 100 cases. MRSA percentage of males was higher than the MRSA percentage of female. It proves that men were more prone to acquire the infection by MRSA strain. Out of 205 clinical samples, 76 were identified as MRSA so the prevalence rate was 37.07% but all the multidrug resistance MRSA were mostly sensitive towards antibiotics like Vancomycin (100%), Rifampicin (100%), Amoxicillin (77.77%) and Amikacin (61.19%). Conclusion: In conclusion, vancomycin could be considered for treatment to eradicate the MRSA.

Background: Before starting to discuss about Diarrhoea, we have to remember diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Aims & Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections as cause of childhood diarrhoea. Materials & Methods: During the study period, a total of 116 stool samples were collected and processed. Examined grossly and microscopically for presence of ova/cyst. They were also cultured on MacConkey agar and E. coli isolated were identified by standard biochemical tests. Results: Out of 116 stools samples, Entamoeba histolytica (63.33%) and Giardia lamblia (23.33%) were more common parasitic cause diarrhoea among children by either ova or cyst. E.coli (74.13%) was common bacterial cause of diarrhoea among children. E. coli isolated in pure culture and sent for sero typing to Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli. Maximum percent were found to be pathogenic Escherichia coli i.e. EPEC 22.5%. Conclusion: According to the result, the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea is E.coli. EPEC were more prevalent followed by EHEC. Thus, macroscopic and microscopic stool examinations as well as culture were important for finding out the course of diarrhoea in childhood.

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Background: In under developing country Septicemia in infants to be of common occurrence with high morbidity & mortality.Aims and Objectives:  Detection of rapid method for diagnosis of sepsis in paediatric age groups.Materials and Methods : Clinically suspected 369 cases of Bacteraemia in neonates, infants & children admitted as inpatients at CCM Medical College & Hospital, Durg & 45 healthy children as control were included in the present study. The cases were investigated by blood culture & 5 rapid tests Viz total leucocyte count (TLC), immature to total neutrophil ( I:T) ratio, C – reactive protein (CRP), ESR & Grams smears of Buffy coat for organisms.Results :  Blood cultures were positive in 171 (46.34%) of 369 cases and negative organisms was 55.55% as against 44.44% of Gram positive bacteria. The most common isolates were Staph epidermides (24.56%) and Staph aureus (16.37%) with overall staphylococcal prevalence of 40.93% followed by gram negative bacteria, S.typhi (14.61%) E.coli 11.11% & Ps.auroginosa 10.52%.Conclusion : The rapid tests were evaluated in blood culture positive & negative cases CRP yielded maximum sensitivity of 70.76%, Specificity of 76.26% & positive predictive accuracy of 72.02%. Combination of 2 tests did not reveal any significant advantage over single CRP test.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 94-96

Introduction and Aim: Purpose of this study is to sensitize healthcare givers about the significance of toothbrush acting as fomites and this study aimed at highlighting importance of disinfecting in-use toothbrushes. Material and Method: This was a randomized control trial involving 30 patients. 15 were given distilled water and 15 were given 70% ethyl alcohol for disinfecting in-use toothbrushes, which were then microbiologically tested after 7 days of use. Results: Finding of this study showed 70% alcohol was highly effective in decontaminating used toothbrushes. Conclusion: In-use toothbrushes become highly contaminated after use and can act as fomites for transmitting infections. Thus, proper instructions for use of toothbrushes should be given to patients and public.