The prevalence of non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) is growing worldwide. Both lead to nephropathy if not controlled effectively. Microalbuminuria (MAU) is recognized as an early predictor for nephropathy. Additionally, the timely detection of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is also considered to be an important prognostic factor for diabetic nephropathies. Hence, screening for the early detection of MAU and AGEs would be an useful and relatively inexpensive laboratory test for early clinical diagnosis for the incidence of nephropathy in these diseases. This study was conducted in DM, HTN and pregnancy induced hypertensive (PIH) subjects. MAU and N-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) levels were estimated by in-house RIA kits in the patient groups and controls, while the total AGEs level in serum was determined by ELISA. The levels of MAU, CML and AGE-BSA were observed to be significantly higher in DM, HTN and PIH subjects compared to controls ( < 0.001). Increased serum CML and AGEs levels in DM, HTN and PIH subjects indicated ongoing glycemic damage and their susceptibility to develop renal complications.

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Purpose: Type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) enzyme plays vital role in peripheral T4 to T3 conversion and regulation of TSH secretion. rs225014 is a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which is known to reduce DIO2 activity. The differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC) are given L-T4 therapy after total thyroidectomy and 131I-treatment to suppress TSH levels. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of rs225014 in DTC patients and its effect on the thyroid function parameters and L-T4 dose. Methods: The study included DTC patients undertaking L-T4 and a control group. Thyroid function tests were estimated by RIA/IRMA and rs225014 SNP was detected by PCR. Results: The frequency of Thr/Thr (wildtype), Thr/Ala (heterozygous mutant) and Ala/Ala (homozygous mutant) genotypes in the DTC patients was 0.21, 0.52 and 0.27 respectively. There was no association between rs225014 and DTC. T3 levels and T3/T4 ratio were significantly low in the DTC patients harbouring Ala/Ala genotype which indicated impaired DIO2 catalysed T4 to T3 conversion. L-T4 dose required to suppress TSH in the DTC patients with Ala/Ala genotype was marginally higher when compared with wild type genotype. Conclusion: The results indicated that DTC patients carrying rs225014 SNP may require higher L-T4 dose to suppress TSH levels due to impaired T4 to T3 conversion in the absence of any other compensatory mechanisms. The screening for rs225014 in the DTC patients showing reduced response to TSH suppression would enable quicker decision-making in the implementation of personalized L-T4 dose and save the patients from development of any adverse effects.