Caste determines the field of education in India. Students who belong to the lower structure of caste experience discrimination based on caste in their day to day academic as well as non-academic life. This paper attempts to explore the ways of caste driven social inclusion/exclusion which challenge their lives. Constitutional privileges provide rights to the students who belong to these communities. At the same time, the ideology of caste is hegemonic in the Indian society and they face different forms of social exclusions. Thus, they are caught in between social inclusion and social exclusion. This highlights the forms of exclusion which structure their lives irrespective of the policies based on social inclusion. This paper traces the history of dalit struggles for education in the midst of the reactionary ideology of caste

This entry discusses the linkages between the ideology and practices related to class, caste, and gender.

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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been widely accepted as a biocompatible ceramic material in several areas of medicine. Several physical and chemical methods are already known for HAP nanoparticles synthesis. These methods are found to be a very expensive and highly toxic. To overcome this issue, the biological methods are found to be a feasible. In current study, bioinspired hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized by using bacterial cells of Bacillus subtilis. These biogenic nanomaterials were synthesized at room temperature within 2 h. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Further, the anti-microbial activity of HAP nanoparticles were tested against the human pathogens, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. This, study revealed that HAP nanoparticles can be a potential agent in design of an innovative drug against human pathogens.

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