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<span lang="EN-US">The internet of things (IoT) is an emerging and robust technology to interconnect billions of objects or devices via the internet to communicate smartly. The radio frequency identification (RFID) system plays a significant role in IoT systems, providing most features like mutual establishment, key establishment, and data confidentiality. This manuscript designed secure authentication of IoT-based RFID systems using the light-weight PRESENT algorithm on the hardware platform. The PRESENT-256 block cipher is considered in this work, and it supports 64-bit data with a 256-key length. The PRESENT-80/128 cipher is also designed along with PRESENT-256 at electronic codebook (ECB) mode for Secured mutual authentication between RFID tag and reader for IoT applications. The secured authentication is established in two stages: Tag recognition from reader, mutual authentication between tag and reader using PRESENT-80/128/256 cipher modules. The complete secured authentication of IoT-based RFID system simulation results is verified using the chip-scope tool with field-programmable gate array (FPGA) results. The comparative results for PRESENT block cipher with existing PRESENT ciphers and other light-weight algorithms are analyzed with resource improvements. The proposed secured authentication work is compared with similar RFID-mutual authentication (MA) approaches with better chip area and frequency improvements.</span>

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Power electronic converters, especially DC/AC Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation inverters have been extending their range of use in industry because of their numerous advantages. They typically synthesize the staircase voltage waveform (from several dc sources) which has reduced harmonic content. This paper describes the development of design, modelling and simulation of the proposed seven level quasi-Z-source cascaded multilevel inverter (QZS-CMI) based PV systems which inherits the advantages of traditional CMI while overcoming issues with imbalance DC-link voltages. The modified inverter can produce a better sinusoidal waveform by increasing the number of output voltage levels. This paper also aims to analyse and compare total harmonic distortion in conventional cascaded three level, five level and modified seven level H-bridge inverters and evaluates THD in the respective outputs. Simulations of the circuit configuration have been performed in MATLAB/Simulink and the results were verified.