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Furthermore, they point out that the relationship of germination to acidity varies considerably with the seeds of different plants and with the kind of acids used, organic acids being more favourable than inorganic, when used in equivalent amount. Highlight: The effect of acids and bases on the seedgermination of four important grasses were evaluated at Ujjain fIndia). The specieswere Iseilema anthephoroides, Sehima nervosum, Apluda mutica and Dactyoctenium aegyptium. The seeds were treated in petri dishes by pH solutions ranging from 2.0 to II.0 and percent of germination was recorded. No germination was observed at pH 2.0 in any species. In contrast to that of the Apluda, germination of Iseilema and Sehima was better in acidic medium. Dactyloctenium had high germination at all pH levels. The graph between pH and percent germination reveals a curvilinear relationship. Second degree quadratic equation Y = a+bX + cXL was fitted for each species to get the best estimate of the percent of germination for any particular pH value. Statistical analysis shows significant differences among the different pH levels and among species.

Phytoplasma was detected in Parthenium hysterophorus displaying symptoms of witches'-broom disease by direct and nested polymerase chain reaction using universal primers specific to 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasma. Sequence identities of 99% were found to several isolates of 'Candidatus phytoplasma asteris' (aster yellows, 16SrI group).

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