The present biochemical study is planned primarily to characterize genetically the Gond Tribe of Madhya Pradesh. The blood samples for the present study were collected at random from a total of 200 apparently healthy and not closely related individuals of either sex, of the Gond of Hoshangabad, Betul and Sehore districts of Madhya Pradesh. The samples were analyzed for phenotypes of A1A2BO and Rh (D) blood groups by standard tube method and for Red Cell Enzymes electrophoretic method.Typed Red Cell Enzymes were Adenosine Deaminase, Acid Phosphatase locus 1, Phosphoglucomutase locus 1, Esterase D, Adenylate kinase locus 1 and Glucosephosphate isomerase. A rare allele ACP*C was recorded in Gond tribe despite the fact that it was totally absent not only in Keer of Betul, but also in Korku of Pachmarhi Hoshangabad and Bhils of Jhabua. In case of GPI, rare variant (GPI*1-7) was recorded in Gond Tribe of Hoshangabad of the State. There was great heterogeneity (h) values over the loci in the Gond material, varying from as low as 0.0304 at GPI locus to as high as 0.6244 at A1A2BO locus. Analysis of heterozygosity revealed that in the Gond tribe GPI was the least variable locus and A1A2BO was the most variable locus. Genetic relationships among the present Gond tribe and earlier studied Tribal and Caste Populations of Neighboring States of Gujarat and Rajasthan shows that the Hindu and Muslim separated out from the Tribal population of neighboring States from earlier stage of evolution. Rajasthan Bhil shows distant single line subcluster, the latter tribes were placed together in an another subcluster. In addition all the Tribes of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh shows close genetic affi nities.