No abstract

Wall heat flux measurements in a 1.5 in. diameter circular cross-section rocket chamber for a uni-element shear coaxial injector element operating on gaseous oxygen (GOz)/gaseous hydrogen (GH,) propellants are presented. The wall heat flux measurements were made using arrays of Gardon type heat flux gauges and coaxial thermocouple instrumentation. Wall heat flux measurements were made for two cases. For the first case, GOZ/GHz oxidizer-rich (O/F=l65) and fuel-rich preburners (O/F=1.09) integrated with the main chamber were utilized to provide vitiated hot fuel and oxidizer to the study shear coaxial injector element. For the second case, the preburners were removed and ambient temperature gaseous oxygen/gaseous hydrogen propellants were supplied to the study injector. Experiments were conducted at four chamber pressures of 750, 600, 450 and 300psia for each case. The overall mixture ratio for the preburner case was 6.6, whereas for the ambient propellant case, the mixture ratio was 6.0. Total propellant flow was nominally 0.27-0.29 Ibm/s for the 750 psia case with flowrates scaled down linearly for lower chamber pressures. The axial heat flux profile results for both the preburner and ambient propellant cases show peak heat flux levels at axial locations between 2.0 and 3.0 in. from the injector face. The maximum heat flux level was about two times greater for the preburner case. This is attributed to the higher injector fuel-to-oxidizer momentum flux ratio that promotes mixing and higher initial propellant temperature for the preburner case which results in a shorter reaction zone. The axial heat flux profiles were also scaled with respect to the chamber pressure to the power 0.8. The results at the four chamber pressures for both cases collapsed to a single profile indicating that at least to first approximation, the basic fluid dynamic structures in the flow field are pressure independent as long as the chamberhnjectorhozzle geometry and injection velocities remain the same.Graduate Student, Student Member AIAA.: Research Associate, Member AIAA.

Numerous models have been reported in the literature for theoretical estimation of the viscosity of molten slags and glasses. These models, however, generally employ various empirical constants, often a large number, derived from actual experimental data. The model popularised by Urbain employs two interrelated constants to express the variation of viscosity with temperature. One constant is estimated on the basis of melt composition, employing again several empirical constants. The present communication reveals a novel and elegant method which allows theoretical estimation using Urbain's equation that employs two interrelated constants. However, it is shown that these constants are empirically related to optical basicity. Thus, a new method of estimation of viscosity is proposed, which makes it possible to calculate viscosity based on only optical basicity of the melt calculated from the melt composition. The model proposed is applicable to homogeneous fluid melts.

No abstract

No abstract