Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a powerful angiogenetic agent crucial for microvascular hyperpermeability and neoangiogenesis in the peritoneum, is associated with increased solute transport rates in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We investigated the correlation between serum and drained dialysate (dd) concentrations of VEGF and the transport characteristics of peritoneal membrane and dialysis quality in 20 patients with end-stage renal failure at the beginning and after six months of PD. The serum VEGF (sVEGF) concentration rose significantly (149.33?}116.71 pg/ mL vs 239.36?}102.23 pg/mL; p=0.012) and ddVEGF concentration increased slightly (38.44?}50.47 pg/mL vs 43.55?}51.10 pg/mL) during the first 6 months of PD. At the beginning of chronic PD, ddVEGF concentrations correlated inversely with the peritoneal equilibrium test (PET) glucose (R=-0.565; p=0.009) and creatinine (R=-0.506; p=0.023) and residual renal function (RRF) (R=-0.691; p=0.001); sVEGF concentrations inversely correlated with PET creatinine (R=-0.457; p=0.043) and residual diuresis (RD) (R=-0.691; p=0.001). After 6 months of treatment, ddVEGF concentrations correlated directly with PETcreatinine (R=0.450; p=0.047), and inversely with RRF (R=-0.552; p=0.012) and residual renal weekly Kt/V (R=-0.488; p=0.029). The sVEGF concentration inversely correlated with RD (R=-0.589; p=0.006). High ddVEGF at the beginning of PD is predictive of adverse alterations of the peritoneal membrane, i.e. increased transport rate of glucose and creatinine. ddVEGF values may help to identify patients who will preserve adequate transport characteristics of the peritoneal membrane and maintain successful long-term PD. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 145070]