An experiment was conducted to develop a suitable in vitro plant regeneration technique for Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Double Delight’ using nodal segments and leaf tissues as explants through direct and indirect organogenesis. Aseptic explants were inoculated onto gelled MS medium contained various strengths of plant growth regulators alone and in combinations for callus and direct shoot induction. MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l BAP was found to be the most effective for direct shoot induction from nodal explants (87.5%) as it produced the maximum number of shoots per explant. The highest callus induction frequency was found to be 80% in leaf tissue, 72% in nodal segments and 96% in leaf and intermodal segments of in vitro raised plantlets in MS medium containing 2.5 mg/l 2, 4-D. The best percentage of indirect shoot organogenesis (93.33%) with maximum number and length of shoot were found when the different explant-derived callus was transferred in 3.0 mg/l BAP supplemented medium. The direct and indirectly induced shoots were multiplied on MS medium containing 3.0 mg/l BAP, where the average number and length of shoots per culture were 7.20 ± 0.80 and 5.22 ± 0.47 cm, respectively. Maximum rooting (80%) was observed in ½-strength of gelled MS medium containing 15.0 g/l sucrose with 1.0 mg/l IBA. Plantlets with the proper root system were then placed in a polybag with a 1:1:1 ratio of sand, garden soil, and compost, and they had a survival rate of about 76%. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 33(1): 25-36, 2023 (June)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a widely accessible imaging technique for the detection of brain tumours and cancer, which are further confirmed by histopathological examination. Accurate detection of the tumours and its extent is very difficult. The present study attempted to evaluate the convenience of MRI in detection of different grades of astrocytomas, which are the most commonly occurring brain tumours. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging with the collaboration of Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology at Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2013 for a period of one year. The study population was all the diagnosed cases of intracranial astrocytoma patients regardless of their age and sex. The studied included 48 brain tumour (astrocytoma) patients, ages between 13 and 69 years old. All cases having no contraindication for MRI underwent MR examination followed by histopathological examination of the postoperative resected tissues. The findings of the MRI and histopathological examination were compared to find out the test validity of the MRI findings of the different grades of astrocytoma’s. The highest sensitivity was found in grade III astrocytoma (90.5%) followed by grade II (85.7%) grade IV (75.0%) and grade I (60.0%). The highest specificity was found in grade I astrocytoma (97.7%) followed by Grade III (96.3%), grade IV (92.5%) and grade II (91.5%). The highest accuracy was found in both grade I astrocytoma (93.7%) and grade III (93.7%) followed by grade II (92.5%) and grade IV (89.6%). As per the study findings it can be concluded that,MRI has a high diagnostic accuracy and validity for the detection of different grades of astrocytoma. Bangladesh Med J. 2017 Sep; 46 (3): 85-89

Background : Avascular necrosis (AVN), also known as osteonecrosis of femoral head is a pathology in which many etiologies play role and cause decreased vascular supply to subchondral bone of femoral head which results in osteocyte death. MRI is the most sensitive modality for detection of AVN and is helpful for screening and detecting at early stage. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence pattern and stages of presentation of Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out at the department of Radiology & Imaging, National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka where MRI of the hip joint was performed during our study period, only those patients which showed positive signs for avascular necrosis of femoral head were included and were analysed over a period of five years. The age, sex, laterally distribution, causative factors, staging according to Ficat and Arlet classification was done. Results: It was found that most commonly males of productive age group (21 to 40 years) were affected. Though most of them had unilateral involvement however number of bilateral cases were also significant. Mostly, patient presented with stage-IV disease accounting for 104 out of 152 patients (68.42%). Conclusion: Considering that the young males were commonly affected and presented with advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis, it was recommended that screening MRI should be done in all patients presenting with hip complaints. Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 180-185

Accurate detection of astrocytomas is very difficult. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI in detection of intracranial astrocytoma. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging with the collaboration of Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pathology at Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC & MH), Dhaka from January 2013 to December 2013 for a period of one year. All the clinically suspected and CT scan diagnosed cases of intracranial astrocytoma patients of any age of both sexes were included as study population. All cases having no contraindication for MRI underwent MR examination. MR imaging was obtained with 0.5 Tesla machine (SIEMENS). The postoperative resected tissues were examined histopathological in the respective department. Then the collected reports were compared with findings of MRI. The sample size of the present study was 48 astrocytoma patients. The highest sensitivity was found in grade III astrocytoma (90.5%) followed by grade II (85.7%) grade IV (75.0%) and grade I (60.0%). The highest specificity was found in grade I astrocytoma (97.7%) followed by Grade III (96.3%), grade IV (92.5%) and grade II (91.5%). The highest accuracy was found in both grade I astrocytoma (93.7%) and grade III (93.7%) followed by grade II (92.5%) and grade IV (89.6%). In the conclusion, MRI is an effective tool for the diagnosis of astrocytoma. MRI has a high diagnostic validity for the detection of different grades of astrocytoma. Bangladesh Med J. 2017 May; 46 (2): 48-52

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the liver worldwide. Liver cancer ranks third among all cancer deaths in Bangladesh as the clinical presentation is non-specific, the modern imaging modalities can play an important role in the diagnosis of HCC and the radiologist is often the first to suggest the correct diagnosis. With the advent of multi-detector spiral CT, detection and characterization of HCC has markedly improved. Multi-detector spiral CT with its increased spatial and temporal resolution allows multiple perfusion phases of liver to be acquired.Multi-detector biphasic spiral CT techniques have been increasingly promising with respect to accurate preoperative diagnosis and assessment of the extent of HCC. This study was carried out to evaluate the role of biphasic contrast-enhanced spiral CT including Hepatic Arterial Phase (HAP) imaging with Portal Venous Phase (PVP) imaging, in the detection and characterization of HCC. Methods: The study included 35 patients (M=31, F=4) with histopathologically proven HCC. Age range was between 21-75 years (mean=51) by following consecutive patients in whom HCC was diagnosed or suspected either by raised serum a (alpha)-fetoprotein level or byultrasound imaging. Results: Biphasic contrast-enhanced examination in these 35 patients could reveal a total of 65 lesions, out of which 48% were unifocal and 46% were multifocal HCCs. On HAP imaging 92% lesions were detected. (hyper attenuating = 56, hypo attenuating = 4) while on PVP imaging delectability was only 51% (hyper attenuating=2, hypo attenuating=30). Hence delectability was significantly superior in HAP as compared to PVP imaging (p <0.0001, 95% CI 25.2-54.7). In 49% tumor was visible only on HAP images. Venous invasion was present in 11 patients (31%). Conclusion: Biphasic contrast enhanced spiral CT is a useful method in detection and characterization of HCC. Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2022; 30: 61-66