Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death in recent decades worldwide, especially in developed countries. Cardiovascular pathology can begin with risk factors that can cause local vascular damage and end with systemic complications leading to organ failure and death, which makes it necessary to understand the biochemistry of events associated with the entire process of progression of cardiovascular diseases and is crucial for diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It is known that the state of blood vessels is influenced by multiple factors of hemodynamic conditions, extracellular signaling proteins, including interleukins, cytokines, and intracellular biochemical molecules, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The aim of the work was to evaluate the factors of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in patients with coronary heart disease. The study included 96 patients of working age with a verified diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 2.6.5. To assess the diagnostic significance of quantitative signs in predicting a certain outcome, the method of analyzing ROC curves was used. The article presents data on the quantitative content of nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum of patients with coronary heart disease (acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris), describes the relationship between changes in their level, and assesses the diagnostic significance of the studied parameters. The obtained data on the production of nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina indicate an important prognostic value of assessing oxidative stress and the antioxidant system for early risk stratification of adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease.

In recent years, researchers’ attention has been directed to the WNT signaling pathway study, which regulates embryogenesis processes and is involved in pathological condition development. The role of morphogenic proteins of WNT signaling pathway in the cardiovascular pathology genesis is practically not clear. The research aim was a comprehensive study of the main proteins of WNT signaling pathway (β-catenin, sclerostin, GSK-3α, GSK-3β, WIF-1 and DVL-1) in the blood serum of 353 patients with coronary artery disease acute forms who were treated at the Orel regional vascular center from 2019 to 2021, and 50 healthy individuals. A comprehensive analysis included an assessment of clinical, laboratory and instrumental parameters in the framework of current clinical guidelines, as well as an immunological examination to determine the morphogenic proteins of WNT signaling by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed a wide variability in the values of morphogenic proteins of WNT signaling pathway in the patient’s blood serum. The levels of β-catenin, WIF-1 and DVL-1 significantly exceeded those obtained in healthy individuals, while the concentrations of sclerostin and GSK-3β did not differ significantly from them. The level of GSK-3α of patients was twice lower than in healthy individuals. The highest sclerostin concentrations were found in patients with existing calcification of the aortic valve leaflets and aortic walls. Acute coronary syndrome unfavorable course was observed in patients with both extremely high and extremely low WIF-1 levels. Significant correlations were established between the level of morphogenic proteins of WNT signaling pathway and lipid metabolism, as well as myocardial remodeling. The obtained data on changes in the protein production of WNT signaling pathway allow us to expand our understanding of the molecular aspects of the immunopathogenesis of myocardial remodeling in coronary artery disease, increase the predictive potential for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and determine the vector for further development of cardioimmunology determination.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A strategy for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease can help reduce the number of complications and deaths in patients. Research by the world's leading scientists is aimed at studying the pathogenetic links underlying the development of heart disease. The study of the molecular signaling pathways responsible for the induction of cardiac hypertrophy is of great clinical interest, and the potential therapeutic use of these molecules could prevent or slow down pathological myocardial remodeling and heart failure leading to cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction. The article discusses the influence of the components of the immune system on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The role of GSK-3 kinase, which plays an important role in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolic processes in the cell, as well as participates in the regulation of various signaling pathways, including Wnt / β-catenin and TGF-β-signaling, has been evaluated. Serum levels of GSK-3α and GSK-3β, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF-α) were assessed in patients with coronary artery disease (myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris) and relatively healthy persons. The relationship of these indicators with clinical and laboratory data has been analyzed. The results obtained indicate the important role of immune processes in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. The performed combinatorial analysis of glycogen synthase kinase 3, serum cytokines with laboratory data (leukocyte and LDL levels) can help assess the severity of coronary heart disease and can help in determining risk stratification in patients with angina pectoris.