Murraya koenigii L. (M.koenigii) is a spice herb and a medicinal plant, well known for its numerous biological activities. In the present research work, different solvent fractions from shoots of M.koenigii were analyzed for their antimicrobial activity alongwith FTIR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of different M.koenigii shoot fractions was checked against different standard bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Salmonella typhi (S. typhi), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) alongwith antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans) respectively. Among all the tested solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, chloroform and water) chloroform fraction resulted maximum potent inhibitory effect against B. cereus and K. pneumoniae with maximum zones of inhibition, 15.5mm and 15.0mm alongwith inhibition zone of 12.75mm diameter against C. albicans respectively. The phytochemical analysis of M.koenigii solvent fractions showed the presence of alkanes, amines, phenols and carboxylic acid by using FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of highest phytochemical contents in chloroform fraction among all the tested fractions that is directly related to antimicrobial activity. Only the chloroform fraction had highest antimicrobial activity with maximum phytochemicals, further investigation needed to ascertain its safety and use in drug development.

The current study aimed to examine the impact of religiosity on the personality development of non-Muslim students living in Pakistan. Social development, Emotional control, Attitude for various situations of life, Tolerance, Attitude towards others and creativity were the major factors that have been observed. Major contribution of study was to trace out the relationship of different religious students with their personality development. It was concluded that the personality of Christian and Hindu students was directly associated with their religious beliefs and practices. The study proposed further research in the field to investigate personality development in Christian and Hindu majority population

The goal of self-esteem is to cultivate positive feelings and thoughts about oneself throughout life. Self-esteem, in its simplest form, is a person's opinion and evaluation of themselves, which can be positive or negative, good or bad, and enjoyable or painful. The present study was carried out to measure the association between self-esteem and academic performance among the university going adolescents of South Punjab (Dera Ghazi Khan). The purpose was also to measure gender differences between the study variables. A total of 84 participants (41 female students and 43 male students) were included in the study and selected through the purposive sampling technique. To measure the academic performance of students, their CGPA was used while Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale was used to assess their self-esteem. T-test analysis was used to explore the gender differences among the study variables. Pearson Product Moment Correlational Analysis was used to measure the association between self-esteem and academic performance. The results demonstrated significantly positive correlation between self-esteem and academic performance. In addition, gender differences were found in terms of self-esteem as female participants had high self-esteem as compared to their male counterparts. However, gender differences were found to be insignificant in terms of academic performance. More studies, on larger samples are needed to make the results generalizable on general population. In addition, academic institutes must hire psychologists in order to ensure a support system to the students who suffer with low self-esteem. This would eventually have a positive impact on their academic performance as well. Keywords: Self-esteem, Academic Performance, Gender Differences

With the passage of time usage of social media has been enlarged. Hence, it has enhanced the risk of youth being bullied and has appeared such as a huge concern for parents, instructors as well as other working professionals remarkably. Objectives of this research was to identified the opinions of students about the presence, occurrence and exposure of cyber bullying behavior also the negative effects of cyberbullying on student’s thoughts and emotions. The sample consisted of 10 male students of five universities of Punjab in Pakistan. In this way qualitative research methods, semi-structured interview was conducted with each student who identify the individual opinions and behaviors. This type of qualitative research was a case study that was preferred the phenomena of cyber bullying. Content analysis was used to interpret the phenomena. As a result of this analysis, students on exhibited cyberbullying behaviors according to their individualities, their emotions of anger, sadness and hate were more often showed. The results of this research were reflected in the findings and suggestions persuaded for cyber victims. It was further recommended that psychological counselors should work in higher education institutions.

While forms of traditional bullying have been declining over the past two decades, cyber bullying has emerged as a modern form of bullying in recent times. Previous research studies have not been developed much on the issue of cyber bullying. The current study reviews the relevant research studies as the excessive usage of social media and by young people and different themes have been carried out from the help of the existing literature. The present study has synthesised current literature on: i) prevalence of cyber bullying among adolescents ii) huge level of cyber bullying occurrences in educational institutions iii) people who are more prone to be the victims and perpetrators iv) effects of cyber bullying on adolescence v) preventive measures for the wellbeing of Pakistani adolescents. In this article, the researcher reviews the literature related to cyber bullying conducted between the years from 2000 to 2019.