Resumen. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la prevalencia de agresores adolescentes (cyberbullies) a través de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (Internet y teléfono móvil). También, se examinaron las diferencias de género y de curso según el tipo de agresiones tecnológicas realizadas por el adolescente. La muestra estuvo formada por 1390 adolescentes de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 17 años. Los resultados indicaron que casi un tercio de los adolescentes han agredido a sus iguales a través de las nuevas tecnologías en el último año. En cuanto a la duración e intensidad del acoso cibernético, se observó que éste ocurre, mayoritariamente, durante menos de un mes y con una intensidad moderada, -no superior a una vez por semana-. En la mayoría de las agresiones tecnológicas, los chicos y los alumnos del último curso de enseñanza secundaria obligatoria son más acosadores que sus compañeros. Palabras clave: adolescencia, agresores, cyberbullying, diferencias de género y de curso, prevalencia.Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of adolescent aggressors (cyberbullies) through modern information and communication technologies (the internet and cellular phones). The differences in gender and academic year according to the type of technological aggression were also examined. The participants were 1390 adolescents aged 12-17 years old. The results indicated that almost one third of adolescents have made an attack on their peers through new technologies in the last year. Regarding the duration and intensity of cybernetic harassment, it was observed that cyberbullying mainly occurs for less than a month and with moderate intensity -no more than once a week. For the majority of technological aggressions, boys and students in the last grade of highschool bullied more than their counterparts.

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Cyber dating violence is an increasing problem with serious negative consequences for adolescents. Further knowledge about related variables is necessary to develop preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlations among cyber dating violence victimization (cyber-control and cyber-aggression), offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional, and relational) and adolescents' beliefs in myths of romantic love; and to examine possible differences in cyber-control victimization, cyber-aggression victimization and offline dating violence victimization (relational, physical and verbal-emotional) according to adolescents' levels of belief (low vs. high) in myths of romantic love. The role of offline dating violence victimization (physical, verbal-emotional and relational) and romantic myths as predictor variables of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization was also explored. All these analyses were carried out separately with boys and girls. Of an initial sample of 919 adolescents, those who have had a dating relationship in the past year (492 adolescents, M = 15.10, SD = 1.59) were included. The regression analyses revealed that offline dating violence victimization and romantic myths were significant predictors of cyber-control and cyber-aggression victimization for both boys and girls, but explained variance was higher for girls. Verbal-emotional offline dating violence victimization was the main predictor of cyber-control victimization, and physical and relational offline dating violence victimizations were the main predictors of cyber-aggression victimization. These results can be useful for developing more effective offline and cyber dating violence prevention programs.

Technological advancements and constant interaction with electronic devices have acquired an essential role in the general population and, especially, in the daily lives of adolescents. Currently, 70% of Spanish adolescents have a smartphone at the age of 12 (Cánovas, García-dePablo, Oliaga, & Aboy, 2014), and 98% at the age of 14 (Ditrendia Digital Marketing Trends, 2016). In fact, Spain is the European country with the largest percentage of access to the Internet via smartphones (European Commission, 2015). Undoubtedly, the exposure to and use of the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by younger children and teenagers involves serious threats (Arnaiz, Cerezo, Giménez, & Maquilón, 2016; Garaigordobil, 2017), among which cyberbullying stands out. This type of abusive behavior among peers is characterized by the use of electronic devices, mainly smartphones and the Internet, to deliberately and reiteratively harass and intimidate a victim who cannot defend him/herself easily (Giumetti & Kowalski, 2016; Smith et al., 2008). In the past decade, a significant increase in cyberbullying in the population of children and adolescents has been confirmed in the digitalized countries in the world (Buelga, Martínez-Ferrer, & Cava, 2017). The prevalence rate of cybervictimization varies across studies from 2% to 57%

The CYBVIC scale has adequate psychometric properties and can be used as a valid and reliable measure in new research, which could expand knowledge about the growing international problem of cyberbullying among adolescents.