Objective: Magensium deficeincy is known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the data on it's role in arterial stiffness developement is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the association of serum magnesium levels with arterial stiffness in young hypertensive patients. Design and method: We included 94 adults 18–45 years old with masked and sustained hypertension verified with 24-hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). None of them were on blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment. We performed routine clinical investigation including anthropometry, biochemical blood assay, office BP measurement and ABPM. Atrerial stiffness was estimated with applanation tonometry and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurement. To investigate the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and other variables we used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Median age was 23[21–25] years, 79% were males, median body mass index - 24.9 [22.3;28.7]. Median serum magnesium level was 0,9 [0,84;0,94]. No significant associations were found for magnesium concentration and BP characteristics, neigher office, nor 24-hours. Pulse wave velocity was reversely associated with serum magensium level: (-0,184), p = 0,013. Magnesium concentration had also reverse significant correlation with CAVI (-0,300), p < 0,001. These findings were independent of blood pressure levels, body mass index and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Serum magnesium concentration is reversely associated with pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index in young patients with hypertension.

Objective: While ESC define individuals with systolic blood pressure of 130–140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mm Hg as normotensive, AHA classify them as hypertensive. Already sophisticated, clinical decision making in young hypertensives becomes really tricky, especially in patients of gray zone. Design and method: We recruited 127 adults 18–45 years old with BP 130/80 mm Hg or higher registered during check-up. All of them had never taken any BP-lowering medication. In all those out-patients we performed routine medical examination, including repeated measurements of office BP, 24-hours ambulatory BP monitoring, anthropometry, blood and urine tests and echocardiography. The participants were divided into 3 subgroups: normotensives (with SBP < 130 and/or DBP < 80mmHg, n = 64), hypertensives (SBP 140 mm Hg and/or DBP 90 mm Hg, n = 25), and intermediate group (SBP 130–139 and/or DBP 80–89 mmHg, n = 38). Results: Median age was 23[21–25] years; 81,1% were males, 90,6% were Caucasians. The subgroups were comparable in age and BMI. Patients had different glomerular filtration rate (GFR): 105,85[102,64;121,79] vs 103,02[91,61;109,73] vs 96,85[84,50;104,85] ml/min/1.73 m2 for normotensive (group I), intermediate (group II) and hypertensive (group III) patients respectively, p = 0,001. We observed difference in left ventricular mass index (LVMI): 80,32[68,34;87,06] vs 87,06[78,87;99,98] vs 92,31[85,15;107,55] g/m2 in groups I, II and III, respectively, p < 0,001. In pairwise comparison of LVMI we observed significant difference between I and II groups (p = 0,002) and I and III (p < 0,001). LV concentric remodeling was more prevalent in hypertensive patients (52%) than in normotensive (20%) or patients with intermediate BP (46%), p = 0,004. Incidence of LV hypertrophy didn’t significantly differ in groups: 3,6% vs 6,5% vs 12%, for I, II and III, respectively, p = 0,352. E/A ratio was 1,68[1,38;1,86] vs 1,55[1,3;1,9] vs 1,86[1,48;2,22] for I, II and III, respectively, p = 0,044. In the pairwise comparison the difference in E/A between normotensive and patients with intermediate level of BP was significant: p = 0,016. Conclusions: Rate and severity of abnormal LV geometry and function and GFR decline is higher in young patients with high normal BP than in those with normal and optimal BP.