Background The National Chilean Pediatric Oncology Group, PINDA, reports the first prospective, nonrandomized trial for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using a modified version of the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster protocol (ALL BFM 86). The aim of this study was to classify immunophenotypes, to decrease cranial irradiation, and to assess whether this protocol would improve the survival rate. Procedure From June, 1987, to June, 1992, 444 unselected children were diagnosed with ALL. Of them, 425 were evaluable. Therapy was stratified by risk. Standard‐risk (SR) and high‐risk (HR) patients received protocols I, M, II, and maintenance therapy. Very‐high‐risk (VHR) patients received protocol E instead of protocol M. All patients received a prephase treatment consisting of prednisone and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX). HR and VHR patients received cranial irradiation (12–18 Gy). The following changes were made to the ALL BFM 86 protocol: in protocol M, MTX 1 g/m2 instead of 5 g/m2; in protocol E, citarabine 1 g/m2 instead of 2 g/m2; mithoxantrone and ifosfamide were substituted by teniposide and cyclophosphamide. Results Immunophenotypes: pro‐B‐ALL, 14%; common ALL, 67.4%; pre‐B‐ALL, 4.3%; T‐ALL, 10%; undifferentiated leukemia (AUL), 4.3%. The overall 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) rate was 60% ± 2% (SE). The 5‐year EFS rate for each risk group was: SR 75%, HR 62%, VHR 28%, with a median follow‐up of 6.5 years (range 4.5–9.5 years). The cumulative incidence of central nervous system (CNS) relapse was 5.4%. Conclusions We have been able successfully to perform a nationwide study. Our strategy to adapt the BFM protocol to our population of patients trial was effective in improving the EFS. The immunophenotype distribution is similar to that in other reported series. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 33:88–94, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Although BCS pairs of fermions are known to obey neither Bose-Einstein (BE) commutation relations nor BE statistics, we show how Cooper pairs (CPs), whether the simple original ones or the CPs recently generalized in a many-body Bethe-Salpeter approach, being clearly distinct from BCS pairs at least obey BE statistics. Hence, contrary to widespread popular belief, CPs can undergo BE condensation to account for superconductivity if charged, as well as for neutral-atom fermion superfluidity where CPs, but uncharged, are also expected to form.

A model is a data management, production and transfer system organized in explanatory trends of past, current and future relationships. The emphasis on each suggests decision making and strategy execution. The objective of this work was to specify a model for of the perception of utility. An exploratory and cross-sectional study was conducted with a selection of 186 students from a public university in central Mexico, considering their participation in the system of professional practices and social service in local organizations. The validity of the instrument that found a one-dimensional variable that explained 43% of the variance was established, but the research design limited the results to the research scenario, suggesting the extension of the work.

Los estudios de cultura organizacional han puesto de relieve la importancia del institucionalismo como un marco de valores y normas que determinan la toma de decisiones gerenciales. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y exploratorio con una muestra no probabilística de 300 estudiantes, docentes y administrativos para establecer la confiabilidad y la validez de un instrumento que mide la cultura organizacional, así como las relaciones de dependencia entre liderazgo, capacidad y gestión. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer las trayectorias explicativas de escenarios favorables para la acreditación de la calidad educativa. Se utilizó el Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para determinar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. Los parámetros factoriales excedieron el mínimo de peso requerido en la literatura. A partir de estos hallazgos, se discuten los alcances y límites de la medición de la cultura organizacional.

RESUMENExiste un alto porcentaje de enfermedad periodontal atribuido al hábito del tabaco. La respuesta del organismo a esta enfermedad incluye la liberación de enzimas intracelulares relacionadas con la muerte y destrucción celular, como la Lactato Deshidrogenasa (LDH). Objetivo: Comparar los valores de LDH en fluido crevicular gingival (FCG) y saliva de pacientes fumadores y no fumadores con Periodontitis crónica (PC). Metodología: Participaron 15 pacientes hombres mayores de 30 años; 6 fumadores, 6 no fumadores con PC y 3 sujetos control. Se recolectaron muestras de saliva total y de FCG de bolsas periodontales de = 6 mm. El volumen del FCG se determino pesando las puntas de papel antes y después del muestreo obteniendo los valores en gramos y convertidos a unidades de volumen (ml). La actividad de LDH se determino por medio de espectrofotometría. Los resultados se convirtieron a unidades de actividad enzimática expresados en mM. El volumen de FCG fue de 0,78 µL en sujetos sanos, en no fumadores con PC 1.12 y en fumadores con PC 1,32. Los valores de LDH correspondieron a; saliva de sujetos sanos 0,845, en no fumadores con PC 1,325 y en fumadores con PC 1,7895 mM. En FCG la actividad fue 0,4568 en sujetos sanos, en no fumadores con PC 0,987 y en fumadores con PC 1,2546 mM. Conclusiones: Las técnicas utilizadas permitieron determinar diferencia entre los valores de la actividad de LDH en ambos fluidos en fumadores y no fumadores con PC.