General Anxiety Disorder has become an increasing problem in the youth population. The authors conducted a survey of youth ages 16-24, on what life is like for those who are living with anxiety. In this cohort of 200, the youngest participants were the least likely to be diagnosed, see a professional, and take medication for their anxiety. A significant number said that anxiety affects their day-to-day lives and also causes many physical side effects.

To Determine the efficiency of wax removal from denture base resin using hot water at a range of temperatures with added detergentand to Study the effects of mechanically modified surfaces of denture base resin on the efficiency of dewaxing using the above techniques.

Aim: To assess the aesthetic satisfaction with the metal-ceramic dental prosthesis in relation to patient education, age and gender. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was undertaken by selecting 360 adult patients from both genders indicated for single maxillary porcelain fused to metal crowns. These patients were categorized into three groups based on gender, age, and education. Patients were assessed for aesthetic satisfaction for tooth shape; color, angulation, visibility, and shade at the time of insertion and at a follow-up of 12 weeks. At the time of the prosthesis insertion, a self-evaluation questionnaire was provided to each patient to record their satisfaction levels with the prosthesis. Satisfaction levels among the participants were evaluated based on participants' age, gender, and education level (Chi-square). A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study enrolled 150(41.67%) males and 210(58.33%) females with the participant age ranging from 19 to 60 years and a mean age of 30.53 (± 10.88 years). 84(23.3%) were uneducated participants, 210(58.3%) were high school graduates, and 66(18.3%) were university graduates. A decrease in the level of satisfaction was observed with increasing years of patient education at insertion. The overall aesthetic satisfaction among patients at PFM crown insertion (65%) and at 12 weeks follow-up (69.2%) was statistically comparable (p>0.05). Practical implication: Aesthetic is the most important consideration for the replacement of anterior teeth. Numerous studies evaluated the aesthetic satisfaction of the patients after providing full ceramic prosthesis, however, data regarding patient satisfaction after the metal ceramic dental prosthesisis scarce in the scientific literature. Conclusion: Satisfaction with the esthetic restoration depends on patient education and awareness. Age and education add to a person's experience and increase awareness with respect to better aesthetics. Keywords: Aesthetics; patient satisfaction; assessment; patient care, metal ceramic prosthesis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) in combination with canal shaping on surface properties of ProTaper Gold rotary endodontic file. Sixteen F1 ProTaper Gold rotary files underwent the standard protocol for root canal treatment using two irrigants (S. mukorossi and 17% EDTA) in single-rooted decoronated teeth. Eight unused files were used as a control. All files were examined under an atomic force microscope (AFM) to evaluate surface roughness (Ra) and root mean square (RMS). Data were analyzed using the t-test. RMS and Ra values of the control file were 1.37 and 0.607, respectively. The mean RMS (3.70 ± 1.41) and mean Ra (2.89 ± 1.41) in EDTA group were significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). The mean RMS in the S. mukorossi group (1.77 ± 0.66) did not show any significant difference with the control (p > 0.05). The Ra of S. mukorossi group (1.09 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean RMS and Ra were found to be significantly higher in the EDTA group compared to the S. mukorossi group (p < 0.05). The mean Ra and RMS values of the ProTaper Gold files used to prepare canals using 17% EDTA and S. mukorossi irrigation were significantly higher than the control files. The EDTA-treated ProTaper Gold rotary files demonstrated higher surface Ra and RMS than the S. mukorossi files.

Objectives: To Determine the efficiency of wax removal from denture baseresin using hot water at a range of temperatures with added detergentand to Study the effectsof mechanically modified surfaces of denture base resin on the efficiency of dewaxing usingthe above techniques. Settings: Eastman Dental Institute University Of London UK. Period:Jan 2007 to June 2007. Material and Methods: In this study cast acrylic rods 13 mm longand 6 mm in diameter were used. Three different surfaces were prepared for each rod,described as Polished, Abraded & Grooved. Nine experimental groups, each consisting of tenspecimens were mechanically modified were contaminated with modeling wax, and then thosein each group were subjected to agitation in hot water with detergent at different range oftemperatures. The surfaces were then examined for traces of wax using Raman spectroscopy.Results: The spectrum for each specimen demonstrated peaks at different wavelengths andvarying intensities, the spectra demonstrated traces of wax on abraded surfaces showedleast wax when dewaxed at 100°C as compared abraded surfaces dewaxed at 65°C and 85°C temperatures respectively. Conclusion: The rough surfaces (abraded or grooved) showedmore wax retention as compared to polished surfaces. These surfaces are usually prepared bythe dental technician in a belief that modifying the ridge-lap area of the teeth will increase thebond strength between the teeth and the denture base. Residual wax can still remain on thetooth surface even after dewaxing it at 100˚C with detergent added to the water.