BackgroundDespite the well-established worldwide phenomenon of “the feminisation of medicine,” in Italy, Urology remains a male-dominated field.ObjectiveThe aims of our work are to assess data on medical students' choice of surgical specialty in Italy to investigate if a gender-biased trend exists and to find the key points that influence the decision-making process when choosing a specialty, with a focus on Urology.DesignData about access to residency programs in 2017–2020 were analysed through descriptive statistics. Investigations concerning the decision-making process were carried through distribution of an online anonymous survey to Italian medical students.ResultsUrology was among the specialties with the lowest proportion of female residents in Italy in the last 4 years: 37 (29.4%) in 2017, 27 (21.4%) in 2018, 40 (26.7%) in 2019, and 57 (25.2%) in 2020. The total number of participants of the survey was 1409, of which only 341 declared being keen to pursue a career path in surgery. Out of the 942 students not interested in surgery, 46.2% females and 22.5% males indicated a “sexist environment” as one of the reasons. Overall, the main reason for medical students not choosing Urology is the lack of interest in the specialty. Furthermore, there is a different perception of Urology as a sexist environment between female (23.4%) and male (3.2%, p < 0.001) medical students, which may influence their decision-making process.ConclusionsIn Italy, the prevalence of female medical graduates does not mirror the proportion of female doctors choosing a career in some surgical specialties, including Urology. Our survey results clearly identified that a large proportion of medical graduates are not choosing urology because of the perception of a sexist environment. While the reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear, the presence of a gender-biased perception of a sexist environment represents a possible explanation.

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Traitement chirurgical de l'incontinence urinaire d'effort chez l'homme L'incontinence urinaire d'effort (IUE) chez l'homme est fréquente et a comme cause principale la prostatectomie radicale (PR). Malgré les progrès des techniques chirurgicales, les taux d'IUE se situent entre 5 et 48 %. La prise en charge débute par des méthodes non invasives et conservatrices. Le traitement chirurgical comprend l'implantation d'un sphincter urinaire artificiel, d'une bandelette sous-urétrale ou de ballonnets péri-urétraux. Dans cet article, nous résumons les traitements chirurgicaux de l'IUE chez l'homme. Surgical treatments for male stress urinary incontinenceStress urinary incontinence (SUI) in men is common, radical prostatectomy (RP) remaining its main cause. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, SUI rates range from 5 % to 48 %. Management begins with non-invasive and conservative methods. Surgical treatment includes implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter, a suburethral sling or periurethral balloons. This article summarizes the surgical treatments for male SUI.