Penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan: cendawan endofit yang terdapat pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa); persentase daya hambat cendawan endofit terhadap cendawan Pyricularia oryzae Cav.; dan mekanisme antagonis antara masing-masing cendawan endofit terhadap cendawan Pyricularia oryzae Cav.. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium terpadu Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman, dan sampel tanaman yang terinfeksi serta tanaman sehat dikumpulkan dari Kelurahan Sungai Kapih, Kecamatan Sambutan, Kota Samarinda. Hasil penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri dari empat sampel dan setiap sampel diulang sebanyak sepuluh kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cendawan endofit yang terisolasi dari tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) adalah Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp. dan Penicillium sp. Kompetisiterbukti secara in vitro sebagai mekanisme antagonis Rhizopus sp., sedangkan antibiosis terbukti secara in vitro sebagai mekanisme Penicillium sp.. Trichoderma sp dan Gliocladium sp terbukti memiliki dua mekanisme antagonis yaitu kompetisi dan parasitisme. Kemampuan cendawan endofit sebagai agen biologis untuk bersaing dengan cendawan P. oryzae itu menghasikan perbedaan daya antagonisme, tingkat tertinggi penghambatan terjadi padaP.oryzae vs Gliocladium sp. (78,96%).

This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license JEL Classification: G34, M41

This study analyzes the effect of intellectual capital and firm performance in nonfinancial firms. The firm performance comprises of market performance and financial performance of the firm. This study also breakdown the non-financial firms between three sectors that are the primary sector, manufacturing sector, and service sector. The three sectors are the three main sectors in the economy. This study measures intellectual capital in different ways using the intellectual capital index. The data were analyzed with unbalanced panel data regression and multiple regression. This study found that intellectual capital positively affects market performance and financial performance in non-financial firms. This study also found that intellectual capital positively affects market performance and financial performance in manufacturing and service firms, but in primary sectors, this study found inconclusive results when analyzed and used two different measurements. This study contributes to the firms in non-financial firms about the development of intellectual capital in the knowledge-based economy because intellectual capital is an asset that can create market performance and financial performance. Abstrak Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh modal intelektual dan kinerja perusahaan di perusahaan nonkeuangan. Kinerja perusahaan terdiri dari kinerja pasar dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Studi ini juga memecah perusahaan non-keuangan antara tiga sektor yang merupakan sektor primer, sektor manufaktur, dan sektor jasa. Tiga sektor adalah tiga sektor utama dalam perekonomian. Studi ini mengukur modal intelektual dengan berbagai cara menggunakan indeks modal intelektual. Data dianalisis dengan regresi data panel tidak seimbang dan regresi berganda. Studi ini menemukan bahwa modal intelektual secara positif memengaruhi kinerja pasar dan kinerja keuangan di perusahaan non-keuangan. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa modal intelektual secara positif memengaruhi kinerja pasar dan kinerja keuangan di perusahaan manufaktur dan jasa, tetapi di sektor primer, penelitian ini menemukan hasil yang tidak meyakinkan ketika dianalisis dan menggunakan dua pengukuran yang berbeda. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi kepada perusahaan-perusahaan di perusahaan non-keuangan tentang pengembangan modal intelektual dalam ekonomi berbasis pengetahuan karena modal intelektual adalah aset yang dapat menciptakan kinerja pasar dan kinerja keuangan.

Banana is one of the fruit commodities that are consumed by many people. Banana dwarf disease is an important disease in Indonesia.This study aims to identify the characteristics of BBTV attack symptoms on banana plants and the physical characteristics of banana plants which are attacked by different planting patterns, sanitation and weed control.This research was carried out in several sub-districts in Kutai Kartanegara District, namely Samboja sub-district, Muara Jawa sub-district, Loa Janan sub-district, Muara Badak sub-district, Loa Kulu sub-district. The method used is the survey method, which is direct observation in the field using a modified score based on the appearance of the sick morphology of the plant (Brooks, 1999).Data obtained from each plot was processed to determine the intensity of each-plot disease using the formula for calculating disease severity (Agrios, 1997). Disease intensity data are compared based on sampling land conditions. Based on the results of a survey conducted at several observation points spread across 5 sub-districts, it can be concluded that the symptom severity is higher in mixed-crop, uses sanitation and weed control compared to monoculture, without sanitation and weed control. The average score of the assessment is a score of 3 with characteristics: (1) the edges of the leaves turn yellow quite severe, (2) the narrowing of the leaves or twisting (3) the occurrence of distortion, dwarf and necrosis (4) found more than four infected banana stems in clump.

This research is motivated by low student learning activity on Civics lesson. In order to increase studentlearning activities need a model that is cooperative learning model type two stay two stray in fourth gradestudents SD Negeri 007 Pusaran. It aims to know the improvement of learning achievement of Civics after theimplementation of learning model of cooperative learning type TSTS in fourth grade students of SD Negeri 007Pusaran, knowing the influence of learning motivation of Civics after the implementation of learning withcooperative learning model type TSTS in fourth grade students of SD Negeri 007 Pusaran; provides an overviewof appropriate learning methods in an effort to improve student learning achievement and make students becomeactive in teaching and learning activities. This research was conducted in September of odd semester 2016/2017with object of 24 students. The results concluded that: (1) cooperative learning method type TSTS can improvethe quality of learning Civics; (2) cooperative learning method of TSTS type has positive impact in improvingstudents 'learning achievement which is marked by the improvement of students' learning mastery in every cycle,that is cycle I (54.17%), cycle II (91.67%); 3) TSTS type cooperative learning method can make students feelthemselves getting attention and opportunity to express opinions, ideas, ideas, and questions; 4) students canwork independently or in groups, and be able to account for individual or group tasks; and 5) the application ofcooperative learning method type TSTS have positive influence, that is can improve student's learningmotivation.