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Background and Aim Methods and Materials

Purposes:To determine the anatomical variability of the incisive canal (IC) and to clarify its characteristics, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation, in order to avoid intra-and post-operative complications in oral surgery. Materials and Methods:The diameter, length and angulations of the IC and the width of the bone anterior to the canal were measured on 100 digital CBCT using the Galileos Implant 1.9 software. The patients' ages ranged from 14 to 54 years (53 males and 47 females). The data were analyzed using the Stat View 5.0 software. Results:The anatomy of the IC shows a large variability in its morphology and dimensions, with the canal branching into up to four canals at the nasal level. The length of the IC varies from 4.94 mm to 26.13 mm with an average of 11.42 (±2.71) mm with a statistically significant difference between genders. The ICs were classified into 6 categories according to their shape viewed on the sagittal sections, with two new shapes found. The incisive foramen has four shapes with a statistical correlation with the gender of the subject. The bone thickness anterior to the canal shows a statistical correlation with the gender of the subject and the presence or absence of the central incisor. Conclusions:The present study highlights an important variability in the anatomy and morphology of the IC. Therefore, a CBCT analysis of this structure is essential to avoid any complications before any surgery in this area.