The incidence of verbal violence against radiographers in radiology departments is high which can be reduced by providing adequate human resource and equipment in radiology departments, re-training courses on the prevention and management of violent behavior and the suing the violent events against radiologists.

Background: Radiology reports are the data obtained from radiography films which as the final and one of the main criteria of service in medical imaging centers, are the only linkage between the radiologist, physicians, and patients. This method is also a usual approach in the transfer of diagnostic data to the physicians. Methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional study, the research community included specialists working in public and private centers of Kermanshah province. A questionnaire including two sections of demographic data (age, sex, specialty, work experience, workplace and level of education) and the questions related to the role of the radiologist and necessary of report providing, quality of reports, radiographic film interpretation ability and attention to request content and in- time delivery of the reports, was investigated. The data were finally analyzed by STATA 11 software. Results: In this study, the opinions of 240 specialists from 14 specialties were examined. Among them, 64.2% were men, 92.2% of them were specialists, 45.5% were working in public centers and 42.5% of them had less than 10 years of work experience. The results showed that 63.3% of the physicians trusted radiologic reports for more than 50%. Among the scopes, the highest score was for the role of the radiologist in preparation of reports, and the lowest mean was obtained for the ability to interpret the radiological film. A comparison of the four scopes with assumed means showed no significant differences (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Regarding the percentage of total attitude score, the studied specialists had a relatively desirable attitude toward the radiological reports. The complexity of medical imaging techniques and their role in in-time disease diagnosis and treatment requires improvement of the relationship between the radiologists and non-radiologists physicians.

Background: Although many radiological examinations are requested daily to aid clinical diagnosis by the referring physician, it should be kept in mind that ionizing radiation has adverse biological effects on the life of living organisms, which may vary in individuals depending on the dose and duration of exposure. Therefore, radiologists and their assistants should have comprehensive information about ionizing radiation. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all the radiology residents (41) were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first part including of demographic information and part 2 includes 21 questions about the effective dose created by a chest X-ray, the approximate effective dose from various imaging examines, as well as the awareness of the risks of brain, abdominal CT scans. Results: The results showed that out of 41 residents, 56.1% were male. Based on these results, 19.5% were aware of the approximate effective dose received by a patient on PA chest X-ray. Also, knowledge of some X-ray absorptiometry parameters based on chest X-ray in PA position are: 12.2% abdominal CT scan, 17.1% and 2.4% brain and chest CT scan respectively. In this study the radiology resident’s awareness about dangers of ionizing radiation and the likelihood of cancer were evaluated in 31% and 48.8% of brain and abdominal CT scan, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings, awareness of radiology residents in Kermanshah university of medical sciences is at an inappropriate level. Therefore, training is needed to raise the awareness of radiology residents by conducting several workshops.

Objective: Spontaneous abortion is one of the most common problems which a woman may encounter during her pregnancy which is one of the most important causes of maternal death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report the epidemiological features of spontaneous abortion in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) countries. Materials and methods: The study population included 21 countries in the NAME region with a population of more than 600 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used.  Incidence rates, the prevalence rates, death rates, the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates by age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 people were measured. Also, the attributed burden to iron deficiency was reported. Results: In 2019, the highest prevalence 39.44 (95% CI, 24.58_ 59.26) and incidence 4794.16 (95% CI, 3491.77_ 6353.03) rates of spontaneous abortion were in Afghanistan.  In 2019, the highest spontaneous abortion related-death 5.88 (95% CI, 3.23_ 8.97) and DALYs 339.12 (95% CI, 184.29_ 516.95) rates by ASR were in Yemen. In MENA, average prevalence (44.7 to 19.82) and incidence (5434.95 to 2409.61) rates have decreased by nearly 56%, and also average death (1990 4.51 to 2019 0.48) and DALYs (263.15 to 29.37) rates have decreased by nearly 89% between 1990 and 2019. The highest spontaneous abortion-related DALYs rate was attributed to iron deficiency. In 2019, Yemen (29%) had the highest attributed burden to iron deficiency. Conclusion: This study on 21 countries in the NAME region with a population of more than 600 million showed that average prevalence and incidence rates of spontaneous abortion have decreased by nearly 56%, and also average and the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rates have decreased by nearly 89% between 1990 and 2019.