Vicarious traumatization is now a well-known entity and may have negative influences on those that are involved in rescue efforts in any disaster or traumatic events. Healthcare workers work with trauma survivors and witness an immense array of gruesome and ghastly images. This work has the potential to cause those engaged in rescue efforts to become affected subconsciously.Job-related stress may cause psychological symptoms in care providers who provide support and listen to the survivors' account of trauma. A therapist working in disaster situations may become a victim of psychological anguish—undermining their physical and mental well-being as well as their profession, adversely affecting their traumatized patients, and leading to a counter-productive therapist-survivor relationship.This significant theme of secondary trauma must be recognized in relief workers at early stages and must be addressed at an individual as well as organizational level. The key may lie in turning to social supports, adapting positive coping mechanisms, and subsequently seeking mental health consultation. Further research is required in this area to determine the best resolution.

We have identified potential biomarkers associated with coagulopathy and disease progression in NEC. In particular, the overall procoagulant status, at the transcriptional level, should be further investigated to unveil molecular mechanisms leading to intestinal necrosis, multiorgan failure, and death.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases with several neuropathological symptoms. Degenerative nerve diseases can be serious or life‐threatening. Because of the rise in the older population in recent years, these age‐dependent diseases are becoming more and more common. The WHO reports that within a few years, neurodegenerative diseases will overtake cancer to become the second leading cause of fatalities with cardiovascular diseases being the first. All neurodegenerative diseases have a common ground in that they are all associated with some sort of gene mutation leading to subsequent protein dysfunction. This review focuses on 6 neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, and prions disease. The study aims to provide a basic understanding of the onset, epidemiology, causes, and role of associated proteins of the neurodegenerative diseases and will also go over any treatments which are currently being employed for the specific diseases. This presented data will allow to establish a slight comparison between the mentioned diseases and highlight any similarities and dissimilarities they may possess, thus providing the scientific community with basic knowledge on these diseases to help future research.

Objective This study has investigated the impact of healthcare expenditure on life expectancy and morbidity rates in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to analyse whether health expenditure remains a critical component of improving health status and to determine the threshold value at which health strategy becomes cost‐effective from 2000 to 2019. Methods The techniques employed include the Dynamic Panel Threshold model advanced by Seo et al. (2019) to implement Seo and Shin's (2016) proposed first‐differenced generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation. Furthermore, the dynamic system GMM and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques were also employed for robustness check. Results The findings revealed that healthcare expenditure raises life expectancy and lowers the crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. Therefore, healthcare expenditure is increasing life expectancy and reducing crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. However, when disaggregating the impact, that of public healthcare expenditure is higher than that of private except in the case of infant mortality rate where that of private is higher. In addition, it found that the threshold value at which health strategy becomes cost‐effective, thus the amount which the countries should spend for health status improvement is at least 6% and above of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Conclusion Healthcare expenditure is raising life expectancy and lowering the morbidity rate of the countries. Furthermore, the cost‐effective level of the country's healthcare expenditure as a proportion of GDP is 6% and above.

Objective: To compare the serum concentrations of copper, iron and zinc in schizophrenic patients with healthy individuals.