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Despite the significant progress that has been observed towards the Millennium goals, more than one billion people still live on less than 1.25 US dollars per day. A large body of the literature has focused on the growth effects of globalization and generally documents favourable effects of globalizing on economic growth. Does globalization reduce poverty? This question has received relatively less attention and the available evidence is not conclusive. This study investigates the impact of globalization on poverty in Pakistan using annual time series data from 1975 to 2018. The empirical analysis for the effect of globalization on poverty is based on the ARDL approach to cointegration. The empirical findings show that globalization exerts a significant adverse influence on the annual poverty of Pakistan. It implies that the ongoing process of globalization is leaving the poor of Pakistan behind. Globalization accentuates not ameliorates poverty and thus marginalizes the poor of Pakistan.

The importance of private investment in the growth process of a country cannot be denied, however, its relationship with environmental degradation has not got much attention from researchers yet. The present study is an attempt to divert the attention of researchers and policy makers to the association with private investment and environmental degradation.  The time series data was used from 1975 to 2017. The data was taken from WDI. To analyze the causal link among environmental degradation, private investment, energy consumption and economic growth, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is used. Granger causality test is employed for knowing the course of causality in the variables. The results of the VAR model suggest that if an innovation of one standard deviation occurs from outside, it takes about 12 years for CO2 emissions, 9 years for private investment, 10 years for energy consumption and about 8years for economic growth to adjust. Moreover, the results show that most of the variation in all variables is explained by their own. Granger causality test identifies four unilateral causalities in the variables running from CO2 emissions to economic growth while the consumption of energy to CO2 emissions, energy consumption to economic growth while  from economic growth to private investment. The study recommends policy makers to make environmental friendly policies regarding consumption of energy, private investment and also economic growth.

The paper analyzed the fundamental relationship among the uses of energy, uses of electricity and gas,   total consumption of oil, and economic development of Pakistan. This analysis used  time series data for the  sample span of 1972-2017, retrieved from economic survey of Pakistan (ESP, 2018). Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model is used for analyzing the causal link amongst the variables. Before estimating VAR, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and  breusch-Godfrey serial correlation LM tests are applied for confirming a stationarity characteristic of every variable, initial with intercept and then, with interrupt along with the linear deterministic trend. The Schwartz Information Criterion (AIC) is applied for the selection of optimal lag.  Johansen Co-integration analysis is adopted for identifying long run association. Result of the VAR model reveals that 1% increase in consumption of natural gas accelerates economic growth by   1.5%.Similarly 1% increase in consumption of petroleum increases economic growth by about 0.2%. Similarl,1% increase in electricity consumption brings about 1.03% increase in economic growth which is statistically insignificant. The findings of the research work propose that policy makers require to plan for environmental issue while making policies regarding the uses of energy and development of economy and also search for cheap and environmental friendly energy sources like construction of dams, provision of solar system and wind mills.