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Water is the most significant and essential compound required to survive all forms of life on Earth. The biggest upcoming crisis for most Indian metropolises is water scarcity. Kota metropolis having a population of more than 2 million, have a different scenario regarding this threat. Kota is situated on the bank of the Chambal river. It satisfies all the required water demand for drinking, irrigation, commercial and industrial activities, and other purposes. The assessment of Chambal river water quality has been conducted in this research work for drinking and irrigation purposes on a seasonal and annual basis. Twelve parameters were monitored regularly during the period of observation from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Kelly ratio, soluble sodium percentage, Kelly ratio, sodium absorption ratio, permeability index, and magnesium hazard are determined to access irrigation water quality index (IWQI), weather water quality index (WQI) is estimated for the assessment of potable water. Obtained results were compared with the Indian standard for drinking water "IS 10500:2012". Almost all parameters were within the safe limit of drinking and irrigation standards during the observation period. The calculated indices play a vital role in sustainable development related to urban development as it provides the best rating tool for the quality of water. Different aspects of water quality are accessible with these indices, which provide ultimate decision-making tools to stakeholders to implement the best management programs of the Chambal river's water.

The present study estimates the long-term and short-term health impacts of particulate matter on humans in Alwar, Rajasthan (India), with the help of AirQ+ software. The annual concentration of particulate matter violates the Indian and WHO standards. The PM2.5 induced long-term estimated number of attributable cases (ENACs) for mortality due to all-natural causes in adults, LC, ALRI, COPD, IHD, and stroke were 12867, 2225, 634, 1089, 4671, and 4353, respectively, while short-term ENACs for hospital admission due to respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in adults were 4399, 174, and 2333, respectively. The PM10 induced long-term ENACs for post-neonatal infant mortality, chronic bronchitis in adults, and the prevalence of bronchitis in children were 878494, 32698, and 700, respectively, while short-term ENACs for incidence of asthma symptoms in asthmatic children were 1799. The estimated human health risk assessment results are terrifying and require immediate actions from policymakers for mitigation.

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