Dual Catalysis has enabled a plethora of novel unconventional transformations that would have been unattainable by either catalyst alone. The enormous potential of dual catalysis hinges on the synergistic activation of two substrates in discrete catalytic cycles without interfering with one another. The last decade had witnessed diverse dual‐catalyst systems focusing mainly on the combination of transition metal catalysis with either one of Lewis acid catalysis, photoredox catalysis, biocatalysis or organocatalysis (i. e., Lewis bases, Brønsted acids and NHC catalysts). In this setting, the scientific community has greatly embraced the integration of amine catalysts with transition metal catalysts. This Review comprehends the reported examples from the past decade on dual amine/transition metal catalysis and discuss the various activation modes for the functionalisation of carbonyl compounds.
Stereoselective, one-pot synthesis of 3-arylidene-2oxindoles has been accomplished via Heck-like carbocyclization/ nucleophilic addition of N-(2-iodophenyl)-N-methyl-3-phenylpropiolamide, phenylacetylene, and secondary amine using binaphthyl stabilized palladium nanoparticles (Pd-BNP) as a reusable catalyst. Less reactive aryl bromides generally provided a similar yield of 3-arylidene-2-oxindoles compared with more reactive aryl iodides. The Pd-BNP nanocatalyst has been recovered and recycled for five catalytic cycles with only an insignificant reduction in particle size, reactivity, and reaction yield.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.