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The present work determines the chemical and thermal characteristics as well as the phytochemical and antioxidant potential of the polar extractives of the Picea abies bark from an industrial mill, their wood and bark components and also different bark fractions obtained by mechanical fractionation (fine B1, Φ<0.180 mm, medium B3, 0.450 < Φ<0.850 mm and coarse B6, 2 < Φ<10 mm). The aim is to increase the knowledge on the Picea abies bark to better determine possible uses other than burning for energy production and to test an initial size reduction process to achieve fractions with different characteristics. Compared to wood, bark presented similar lignin (27%), higher mineral (3.9% vs 0.4%) and extractives (20.3% vs 3.8%) and lower polysaccharides (48% vs 71%) contents. Regarding bark fractions the fines showed higher ash (6.3%), extractives (25%) and lignin (29%) than the coarse fraction (3.9%, 19% and 25% respectively). Polysaccharide contents increased with particle size of the bark fractions (38% vs 52% for B1 and B6) but showed the same relative composition. The phytochemical profile of ethanol and water extracts presented higher contents for bark than wood of total phenols (2x higher), flavonoids (3x higher) and tannins (4-10x higher) with an increasing tendency with particle size. Bark antioxidant activity was higher than that of wood for ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, 10 vs 6 mmolFe2+/gExt for the ethanol extract) and free radical scavenging activity (DPPH, 6 vs 18 mg/L IC50 for the ethanol extract) methods. The different bark fractions antioxidant activity was very similar. Bark thermal properties showed a much lower volatiles to fixed carbon ratio (V/FC) than wood (3.1 vs 5.2) although the same higher heating value (20.3 MJ/kg). The fractions were quite similar. Bark presented chemical features that point to their possible upgrade, whether by taking advantage of the high extractives with bioactive compounds or the production potential for hemicellulose-derived oligomers with possible use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Eucalypts are among the most important short-rotation hardwoods, planted worldwide for the pulp and paper industry. Even though the genus comprises over 700 species, only about a dozen species are used for pulping purposes, therefore, showing the potential for diversification. Six-year-old eucalypt trees from 12 species (Eucalyptus botryoides, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia maculata, Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus resinifera, Eucalyptus rudis, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, and Eucalyptus viminalis) were analyzed for chemical composition, fiber morphological, pulping and handsheet paper properties to determine their kraft pulping suitability. The 12 species showed substantial differences regarding extractives (6.1-18.9%), lignin (21.6-30.8%) and holocellulose content (55.4-70.1%). The high inter-species variation in chemical composition produced pulps with different yields (between 38.9 and 49.8%) and degree of delignification (kappa number between 11.6 and 24.2). The combination of these results with the morphological and handsheet properties suggests that E. globulus, E. ovata, E. grandis, E. saligna and E. botryoides have the best overall characteristics for kraft pulping.

1RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os resíduos gerados nas marcenarias do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, e propor ações potencializadoras para o seu melhor aproveitamento. Foram coletados dados sobre os resíduos de madeira gerados em 17 marcenarias da cidade, por intermédio da aplicação de questionários. Os resultados mostraram que a serragem, os sarrafos, as maravalhas e os cavacos foram os principais tipos de resíduos produzidos, sendo a serragem o resíduo mais abundante. As máquinas que mais geraram resíduos foram a desengrossadeira e a desempenadeira. A maioria das marcenarias doava ou vendia os resíduos produzidos. Constatou-se que não havia preocupação por parte dos proprietários das marcenarias quanto à agregação de valor ao resíduo gerado e quais os danos ambientais que estes poderiam ocasionar. A partir dos resultados, propuseram-se as seguintes medidas de melhor aproveitamento dos resíduos gerados: geração de energia através da queima direta de resíduos oriundos da madeira sólida, fabricação de briquetes, fertilizantes e de "pequenos objetos de madeira" (POM).Palavras-chave: Viçosa-Minas Gerais, Marcenarias e Resíduos de Madeira. AN ANALYSIS OF THE WOOD RESIDUES GENERATED BY CARPENTRY SHOPS IN VIÇOSA, STATE OF MINAS GERAIS ABSTRACT -The objectives of this work were to analyze the residues produced by carpentry shops in