Here we present a novel bio-inspired visual processing system, which enables a robot to locate and follow a target, using an artificial compound eye called CurvACE. This visual sensor actively scanned the environment at an imposed frequency (50Hz) with an angular scanning amplitude of 4.2 • and succeeded in locating a textured cylindrical target with hyperacuity, i.e. much finer resolution than the coarse inter-receptor angle of the compound eye. Equipped with this small, lightweight visual scanning sensor, a Mecanum-wheeled mobile robot named ACEbot was able to follow a target at a constant distance by localizing the right and left edges of the target. The localization of the target's contrasted edges is based on a bio-inspired summation of Gaussian receptive fields in the visual system. By means of its autoadaptive pixels, ACEbot consistently achieved similar pursuit performances under various lighting conditions with a high level of repeatability. The robotic pursuit pattern mimics finely the behavior of the male fly Syritta Pipens L. while pursuing the female. The high similarity in the trajectories as well as the biomimicry of the visual system provides strong support for the hypothesis that flies do maintain center the target and constant its subtended angle during smooth pursuit. Moreover, we discuss the fact that such simple strategy can also provide a trajectory compatible with motion camouflage.
ResumenEl presente trabajo aborda el problema de seguimiento de trayectoria para el robot (3, 0) basado en su modelo cinemático y propone una solución mediante el diseño de una estrategia de control que a priori toma en cuenta las cotas máximas permitidas de la señal de control i.e. la velocidad lineal y angular máximas que puede alcanzar el robot móvil. El objetivo es maximizar el uso de los actuadores sin poner en riesgo la estabilidad del sistema. La ley de control no lineal resultante se compone de un compensador no lineal basado en el modelo cinemático y de funciones de saturación anidadas. Esta ley de control contiene parámetros de sintonización que permiten que las trayectorias de la dinámica del error ingresen a una vecindad del origen, en un tiempo finito y se mantengan de ahí en adelante. Resultados experimentales sustentan los resultados teóricos, muestran el desempeño del sistema de control en lazo cerrado y lo comparan con una estrategia que no toma en cuenta los límites de la señal de control. Debido a su simplicidad, la estrategia de control propuesta permite ser implementada en sistemas embebidos con bajo coste computacional. Copyright c 2014 CEA. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. Palabras Clave:Robot móvil (3,0), control acotado, función de saturación, control no lineal, seguimiento de trayectoria.
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