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Background: Substance use seems to be higher among populations with chronic pain. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the quantity of alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs consumed and chronic pain among women and men. Method: Linear and logistic regression analyses were carried out using data from the 2015-2016 adults' version of the Andalusian Health Survey which is a representative cross-sectional population-based study (n = 6,569 adults aged > 16 years; 50.8% women; 49.2% men). Results: Disabling chronic pain was statistically associated with higher tobacco consumption among men ( β = -30.0, 95% confidenct interval [CI] -59.5 to -0.60; t = -2.0; p < .05). Regarding alcohol, nondisabling chronic pain and a higher quantity of alcohol consumed are statistically associated for both sexes (women: β = 30.4, 95% CI 2.3-58.6; t = 2.12; p < .05 vs. men: β = 164.2, 95% CI 24.3-340.1); t = 2.30; p < .05). For women and men, both disabling chronic pain (women: odds ratio [OR] = 8.7, 95% CI 6.0-12.7); p < .05 vs. men: OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.5-8.2); p < .05) and non-disabling chronic pain (women: OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.0-7.0); p < .05 vs. men: OR = 4.7, 95% CI 95% CI 1.5-14.9); p < .05) were statistically significantly associated with a higher consumption of psychotropic drugs. Conclusions: Chronic pain may be related to the quantity of alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs consumed, and disability appears to be one of the factors that modulates this relationship.

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar y mapear las consecuencias de la dismenorrea primaria en adolescentes y mujeres bajo una perspectiva biopsicosocial. Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria (scoping review) de bases de datos internacionales (PubMed, SCOPUS, WOS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library y PsycINFO) y de literatura gris. Se incluyeron documentos que abordaban los aspectos biopsicosociales relacionados con la dismenorrea primaria, publicados en inglés y español entre los años 2013 y 2018. Finalmente, se incluyeron 20 documentos de los 611 revisados. Esta revisión pone de manifiesto que la dismenorrea primaria se asocia con altas tasas de depresión, ansiedad, problemas del sueño y otros síntomas que menoscaban la calidad de vida de las mujeres. La influencia de la dismenorrea explicada bajo una perspectiva biopsicosocial es una línea de interés en los trabajos publicados. Sin embargo, se detectan lagunas de conocimientos en áreas como las consecuencias de la dismenorrea primaria en el funcionamiento familiar y el abordaje de la misma desde una perspectiva de género.

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the major causes of disability globally, and patients who suffer from it are a complex population, which makes it difficult to provide effective care. Specialist pain clinics and nursing professionals in them are the main care providers, but there is little research conducted in this field. Aim: To explore the attitudes and knowledge of nurses working in specialist pain clinics regarding care of CNCP patients. Methods: Qualitative phenomenological approach. Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2017 with nurses who worked in specialist pain clinics in six hospitals in southern Spain. Results: Data analysis led to the formation of two categories, ‘being trained and improving knowledge in CNCP’ and ‘the challenge of caring for patients with CNCP’, and five subcategories. Conclusion: The need for care in CNCP is not covered by nurses in all the areas it requires. Lack of time, staffing issues, and specific training in this area makes it difficult to provide care. However, some areas for improvement are proposed, such as psychological interventions, group workshops, continuous training, and multidisciplinary teams.