Solichin Djazuli Sa’id, in this paper explain that fuel consumption for each vessel were variations depending on the size of ships, ships with a larger size will require more fuel for each mile distance the ship with  a GT 101 for a distance of 1 mile with a speed of 6 knots require diesel fuel (dieselfue oil ) 6.24 liter, GT 1991: 6.06 liter, GT 80: 5.69 liter, GT 71: 5.13 liter, GT 61;4.74 liter and most economical is the GT 45 is only 3.30 liters per milnyaThe lowest operating costs of fishing vessels is to measure 45GT, 101GT highest. Operational Cost (OC) is the most economical ship with size 45 GT (Modern I).Operational costs are dominating the supply of fuel (diesel) 44%.Profit rate (profit rate) obtained by vessels of 45 GT (Modern I)  has a rate of returnabove 15%, the highest in comparison  with vessels of above. Keywords: Fuel consumption, operating costs

Since roro passenger ships have specific characteristics in handling cargo with the roll-on-roll-off loading and unloading system that must be equipped with a ramp door. Therefore, it is important to conduct the ultimate strength analysis by considering local loads and global loads to ensure the level of safety and reliability of the ship structure. The aim of this research is focused on the investigation of the structural response and the ultimate strength of the roro passenger ship using the non-linear finite element method. The dynamic explicit method is conducted to estimate the large displacement of the deformed structures such as the hull girders, deck girders and plates. In the structural response analysis, the results shows that maximum stress was occurred on the deck girders due to the sagging bending moment load. In the ultimate strength analysis, it is identified that hydrostatic load have reduced the ultimate strength about 33 %. Otherwise, the ultimate strength is increased about 1 %, in the sagging condition. HIGHLIGHTS The nonlinear behavior of the roro passenger ship ultimate strength due to the combined global and local load is presented On the hogging condition, the addition of local load (hydrostatic pressure) reduce the roro ship ultimate strength about 33 % compare to the pure global ultimate bending load On the sagging condition, the hydrostatic pressure have slightly increased the ultimate strength around 1 % GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Berdasarkan hasil observasi di lapangan melalui pengamatan langsung dan wawancara terhadap para pengrajin-pengrajin kelompok binaan “aska furniture” dalam UKM “nuriska intergraha”, Semarang mengakui adanya beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam proses produksi mebel yaitu susahnya proses pekerjaan finishing ducco bila dilakukan pada saat musim penghujan, hal ini menyebabkan tertundanya proses produksi mebel. Belum dimilikinya peralatan-peralatan dan sistem instalasi penunjang pekerjaan finishing ducco indoor, seperti ruang pengering/oven dan indoor spray booth merupakan kendala bagi UKM “nuriska intergraha” yang memiliki anggaran belanja kecil dan sangat terbatas. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas melalui pengembangan dan penerapan fasilitas ruangan kamar pengering / oven cat yang membantu proses produksi mebel pada UKM “nuriska intergraha”, khususnya untuk mempermudah proses pengeringan cat dan pelapisan dasar (epoxy) pada saat musim penghujan, menjadi fokus penelitian ini.

Solichin Djazuli Sa’id, in this paper explain that ship KM. XLIV Adri is the kind of cargo ship (General Cargo). The ship has been designed in accordance with the rules and regulations of the class (Bureau of Classification Indonesia). From the results of the survey method of research vessel, discovered the damage to construction on the main deck, the cracks on the fulcrum side deck fit the front room and deck beams are broken the back of the main deck. Thus causing the curvature of the floor deck and it needs to be a replacement / repair of components damaged by construction ensuring shipping safety. From the calculation results and field studies, construction damage caused by welding is not good, cutting the material that is not true and the use of payload on the main deck in excess of the permitted capacity. Key words: Cargo Ship , Construction Damages, Main Deck