The purposes of this study are (1) to determine the effect of mordan tawas, tunjung, and tannins on the ecoprint dyeing result using Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on primisima fabrics (2) to find the best results in ecoprint dyeing using different types of mordan including the pattern clarity, colour sharpness, colour fairness, and colour absorption. The method of this research is experimental. The independent variables are mordan tawas, tunjung and tannins. The dependent variables are the ecoprint dyeing results including the pattern clarity, colour sharpness, colour fairness, and colour absorption. The control variables are Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye, mordaning technique, and primisima fabric. The data of the study were collected by using observation. There were 5 ecoprint treatment samples used in the design of this study, i.e. sample A - using mordan tawas on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on blanket and mordan tawas in the fixation; sample B - using mordan tawas on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tunjung in the fixation; sample C - using mordan tunjung on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tawas in the fixation; sample D - using mordan tunjung on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tunjung in the fixation; sample E - using mordan tannin on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tawas in the fixation; and sample F - using mordan tannin on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tunjung in the fixation. Based on the test of pattern clarity, colour sharpness, colour fairness, and colour absorption, the best ecoprint treatment is shown in sample A, which is the ecoprint treatment using mordan tawas on the main fabric, Tingi (Ceriops tagal) dye on the blanket, and mordan tawas in the fixation.

Among the possible renewable energy resources, diesel fuels derived from triglycerides of vegetable oils and animal fats have shown potential as substitutes for petroleum-based diesel fuels. The biodiesel could be produced from vegetable oils over homogeneous catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst, or enzymatic catalyst. In this study, the synthesized SO4 2-/ZnO catalyst was explored to be used in the heterogeneous biodiesel production by using the vegetable oils and methanol. The study began with the preparation of SO4 2-/ZnO catalyst followed by the transesterification reaction between vegetable oil with methanol. The independent variables (reaction time and the weight ratio of catalyst/oil) were optimized to obtain the optimum biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) yield. The results of this study showed that the acid catalyst SO4 2-/ZnO was potential to be used as catalyst for biodiesel production through heterogeneous transesterification of vegetable oils. Optimum operating condition for this catalytic reaction was the weight ratio of catalyst/oil of 8:1 and reaction time of 2.6 h with respect to 75.5 % yield of methyl ester products. The biodiesel product was also characterized to identify the respected fatty acid methyl ester components.