Mycotoxin affects the world's food crops and creates a large economical loss in the developed and developing countries. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that mainly produced by Aspergillus species viz., A. flavus, and A. parasiticus. An aflatoxins contamination of maize grains has exhibiting a serious threat to human and animal health over the past two decades. Toprotect the safety of food commodities, regular monitoring and diagnosis of the presence and amount of non-permissible levels of aflatoxins in food is necessary to take appropriate management measures. Maize grain samples were collected from Ilu Galan and Bako districts of West Shoa and Gobu Sayo district of East Wollega zones of Oromiya; from different grain storage types. About 500 gr of maize grains were sampled from each sampling spot. PDA media was used for isolation of associated maize grains sample associated fungi. Sun-culturing and purification of the associated fungi were done and preserved using agar slant technique. The associated fungal mycoflora were characterized based on morphological and growth sporulation properties. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) diagnostic kit were used for identification and quantification of aflatoxins. Aspergillus, Fusarium Penicillium and Trichoderma species were identified and characterized. Aflatoxin B1 was identified and quantified from zero to 381.6µg/kg. About 34.4% of the samples were positive to aflatoxin B1 compared to Food and Drug Administration (20µg/kg) and European Union (4µg/kg), respectively. The management of mycotoxigenic fungi, improvement of storage methods, development of resistant maize varieties and awareness creations could be possible solutions

Coffee is the most important commodity and source of export earnings in Ethiopian economy which has to fulfills the quality standards of safety up to maximum tolerable level. However, it is naturally associated with several mycoflora and some of them may produce Ochratoxin A unless careful handling measures taken place. Therefore, this research was initiated to assess the status of mycotoxigenic fungi associated with coffee and quantification of Ochratoxin A from locally consumed coffee in Ethiopia. A total of 75 coffee samples were collected from three districts namely, Haru, Homa and Nedjo of West Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. Determination of coffee associated mycoflora isolation and identification were conducted at Jimma Agricultural Research Center of plant pathology laboratory while Ochratoxin A detection and quantification were conducted at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center. Malt Extract Agar (MEA) was used for isolation and identification of mycoflora associated with coffee and ELISA kit was used to detect and quantify Ochratoxin A. The result showed that numbers of mycoflora associated with coffee were observed and five of them become the major. Aspergillus niger was the most dominant (73.37%) species detected from most coffee samples, followed by Aspergilus ochraceus (11.30%), Fusarium spp. (7.37%), Penicillium spp. (6.74%), and Rhizopus spp. (1.50%), respectively. Average ochratoxinA recorded was 0 (ND) ppb, 1.24 ppb and 2.02 ppb from Haru, Homa and Nedjo.