An experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in the 100 wheat genotypes including ten parents and 45 F1 and 45 F2 for obtained through half diallel mating design in pea during 2021-22 at Oil Seed Farm, Kalyanpur, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.) Quantitative analysis were carried out for all the parameters which are directly or indirectly associated with the yield and yield contributing traits. Analysis of variance showed significant variability for all the studied characters for parents.  In F1 significant variability was observed in all the traits except spike length, number of grains per spike and protein content reflecting considerable amount of heterotic response in these attributes. High heritability was observed in all the characters in F1 and F2 in both the generations. Highest value of GCV and PCV were observed for grain yield per plant (20.01) in F2 indicating the presence of high genetic variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for protein content and yield per plant which indicate the presence of additive gene action and used for future population improvement. The genotypes with specific characters could be utilized for hybridization programme.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is number one cereal of the world and is grown on the largest area. Field experiment conducted at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj of CSAUA&T in Kanpur. In this study the high heritability and high genetics advance for the twelve characters were observed in normal conditions. In different genotypes, high heritability (narrow sense) were recorded for days to maturity, one thousand grains weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, number of tillers per plant and while moderate heritability were found for plant height, harvest index, grain yield per plant, biological yield, spike length (cm) and days to 50% heading whereas number of spikelets per spike showed low heritability. The estimate of genetic advance in percentage over mean ranged from 5.56 (days to maturity) to 43.04 (number of productive tillers per plant) in Fl generation. The high value of genetic advance was recorded for number of tillers per plant. Moderate genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% heading, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), 1000 grain weight (g), grain weight per spike (g), biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant and harvest index. Low values of genetic advance were recorded for days to maturity, number of spikelets per spike and number of grain per spike in F1 generation.

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to estimate genetic variability involving 65 genotypes (fifteen parents and fifty F1s crosses) grown in a randomized block design with three replications at crop research farm Nawabganj. The analysis of variance revealed the significant differences among the treatments forseven characters out of eight characters indicating considerable variability among the genotypes fordays to flowering (75%), plant height (cm), number of productive tillers/plant, flag leaf area (cm) 2 , spike length (cm), number of spikelets/spike and grain yield/plant (gm). Variability also reflected based on mean, range, phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation therefore selection of the parents under study based on morphological differences for different characters was validated through ANOVA and other parameters. The range varied from days to maturity (112.00-120.33) for parents anddays to maturity (112.00 to 119.66) for F1and maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) of traits days to maturity (112.00 to 119.66) for parents were generally higher than genotypic coefficients of variance (GCV)36.72 (Grain yield/plant) indicating the presence of enough genetic variability in the material under study.

This experiment has been conducted based on the biometrical technique (half diallel) suitable for making possible combination with different genotypes based on their sowing pattern like timely sown, late sown, timely sown with irrigated and late sown with rainfed condition with genotypes for present investigation comprised of forty five F1s developed by crossing 10 lines viz., DBW187, K1601, HD2967, HD3249, DBW321, K1317 K0307, HI 1563, DBW107 and HD3059 following half diallel mating design. The cross combination HD2967X K0307 and K0307X K1601 with the cross HD2967X K0307 with positive and significant values was in the order of merit for grain yield per plant.