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Background: Thalassemia is a hemoglobinopathy requiring multiple blood transfusions leading to iron deposition in various organs. Abnormalities in pulmonary function in thalassemia major patients have been found in various studies. Our aim was to study pulmonary function tests (PFT) in multitransfused children with beta thalassemia major.Methods: PFT was done in forty beta thalassemia major (TM) patients and forty normal healthy age and sex matched individuals and the results were analyzed.Results: Out of 40 thalassemia major patients, 20 (50%) had normal PFT and the rest 20 (50%) had an abnormal PFT out of which 18 (90%) had restrictive PFT and 2 (10%) had obstructive PFT.  Out of 40 controls, all 40 (100%) had normal PFT.Conclusions: Alteration of pulmonary function can be seen even in well-chelated TM patients. The respiratory system should be evaluated annually by PFTs even in asymptomatic patients to prevent pulmonary sequelae.

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is an insult to fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia) or lack of perfusion (ischemia) to various organs of sufficient magnitude and duration. Prenatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of early neonatal mortality in India. Our goal was to evaluate risk factors of perinatal asphyxia.Methods: Observational prospective study on 100 babies delivered in our hospital consecutively and requiring resuscitation were included.Results: The mean age of mothers was 23.5 years. 54% neonates were born to primiparous mothers. Anaemia was widely prevalent in the mothers of neonates requiring resuscitation. The major maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation were pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (46%), oligohydramnios (41%), polyhydramnios (30%) and meconium stained liquor (28%). The fetal factors associated with resuscitation of newborns were intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (30%), prematurity (25%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (20%), and neonatal seizures (36%). Mortality was highest in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 3 with 11%.Conclusions: The most common maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation was PIH followed by oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and meconium stained liquor. IUGR was the most common fetal risk factor followed by, prematurity, MAS and neonatal seizures.

Background: COVID-19 has become a major public health crisis around the world. This study aimed at identifying the different clinical presentations of children who were tested positive for SARS-COV-2.Methods: Descriptive and prospective study of the children who were seen over the fever clinic and were admitted to the Sapthagiri institute of medical science and research centre over a period of 4 months from November 2021 to February 2022.Results: Among the 251 children admitted to the hospital majority of them were males 52.5% and the age group of 1-5 years were highest affected 46.2%. The most common symptoms noted were fever 60.5%, followed by pain abdomen 45.8%, vomiting 43.8%, running nose 39%, cough 38%, diarrhoea 30.6%, decreased appetite 26.7% and the least common symptom was skin rash 0.3%. Children with comorbidites had higher risk of ICU admission. No deaths were noted during the study period.Conclusions: The study concludes that males and children of age group 1-5 years were more affected. Children with co morbidities were more severely affected. children who were positive presented with other system involvement like gastrointestinal system. Household contact were the make cause of infection among children.