Background and Aims: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a DNA virus that isolated from the serum of a Japanese patient without A-G transfusion-transmitted hepatitis and other etiology. TTV is detectable in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, different body fluids and secretions such as stools, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid. The genome exhibits high diversity that has enabled the determination of several genotypes and subtypes and at least 30 genotypes have been identified. TTV might be seen as a risk factor in acute and chronic hepatitis, but it is not clear. Coinfection of TTV and HBV or TTV and HCV is common, because these viruses share the same transmission routes such as blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in patients with chronic HBV and HCV in the Southern of Iran and evaluate effect of TTV infection on the liver diseases. Materials and Methods: Serum samples collected from all hepatitis patients and healthy control subjects were included for serological tests for hepatitis B and C viruses. Briefly, DNA was isolated from serum of collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients and carry out Semi Nested PCR Detection for TTV DNA. Results: These results showed the significant relationship between TTV and the patients that had chronic HBV and HCV (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the result of this study, the prevalence of TTV in patients with chronic HBV and HCV in the southern of Iran was 50.8 and 66.5 %, respectively. These results were comparable to those reported in previous studies ranging from 20% to 75.7% for hepatitis C and from 40% to 75% for hepatitis B patients.

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Brucellosis is still one of the infectious diseases which are widespread in the Middle East. HIV infection, more than any other infectious disease, is a disease of coinfections. HIV permits the reactivation of dormant pathogens or increases the susceptibility to other pathogens, especially Brucella. This article presents an HIV-positive patient that was affected by brucellosis in Yazd, Iran.

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