Background:Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAVM) is a rare vascular condition in reproductive age presented mostly with bleeding. Although this malformation is infrequent, it is potentially life-threatening. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography is a widely available, noninvasive and excellent diagnostic method.Case:The case is a 30-yr-old woman with a history of eight-yr infertility.following intrauterine insemination treatment, she had a molar pregnancy. Despite methotrexate treatment, there was persistent vaginal bleeding. Assessment of this patient was done with transvaginal sonography and color Doppler. According to suspicious appearances, angiography was planned for confirmation of UAVM.Conclusion:UAVM is one of the molar pregnancy complications. The first step for diagnosis of UAVM is transvaginal ultrasonography and color Doppler assessment. Embolization is the best treatment for women who intend to preserve fertility.
Long-term use of MPA is as effective as Tranexamic acid in treating HMB and increasing quality of life. However, bleeding irregularity side effects of MPA might limit its use.
Objectives
Ultrasonography is a noninvasive and safe modality for assessing body fat and is routinely performed in developed countries. Although pregnant women with obesity are at risk for many unfavorable outcomes, the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and metabolic syndrome (MS) is evident in some studies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate fat thickness in non-obese women and predict MS using fat thickness measurement.
Methods
A total of 132 pregnant women completed anthropometric and demographic questionnaires. All women were scanned for visceral fat thickness (VFT) via ultrasound at 11–14 weeks gestation. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were calculated at the first prenatal visit. MS components were also measured in the same weeks.
Results
MS was detected in seven (5.3%) women. There was a statistically significant difference between women with and without MS for weight, WC, anterior and posterior VFT, insulin, lipid profile (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (
p
< 0.050). The optimal cut-off points determined for predicting MS disorder were an anterior VFT of 43.83 mm and a posterior VFT of 32.50 mm.
Conclusions
Fat thickness measurement in the first trimester is a good predictor for MS even in women with a normal BMI. Ultrasonography as a safe, simple, and cost-effective modality can be used to assess fat thickness besides the other screening evaluations in the first trimester of pregnancy.
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