Palladium nanocatalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and rGO/CNT composite were synthesized by a wet impregnation method using PdCl 2 as precursor. Palladium loading was 0.3 wt. % and the catalysts were reduced at 300 o C. The catalysts were characterized by ICP, BET, FTIR, XRD, TEM, TPR, TPD, and Raman Spectroscopy. The performance of the catalysts was investigated for hydro-purification of crude terephthalic acid (CTA) containing 2100 ppm 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) as impurity. The reaction products were analyzed by HPLC to determine the amounts of 4-CBA, benzoic acid, and p-toluic acid. Pd/rGO-CNT catalyst had excellent performance in terms of both selectivity and 4-CBA conversion. All catalysts exhibited more than 99% removal of 4-CBA. The most desired selectivity, however, was obtained for the catalyst with rGO-CNT as support. Comparison with the performance of the commercial catalyst (0.5 wt. % palladium on activated carbon) indicated that Pd/rGO-CNT catalyst had a better performance.

BackgroundStressful life events may cause initiation of drug use among people. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management skill training on depression, anxiety and stress levels in drug addicts after withdrawal.ObjectivesThe population included all drug addicts after withdrawal in 2012 in Alborz province.Materials and MethodsThe study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. Levels of emotional reactions (depression, anxiety and stress) in all referrals to a counseling center for drug withdrawal in 2012 using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress (DASS-21) questionnaire was assessed. The study population included drug addicts after withdrawal. The sampling method was available sampling and random assignment. Thirty people who had higher emotional reactions were randomly selected and divided into two test (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. For the test group, a stress management skill training course was held in twelve 90-minute sessions, but the control group received no intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-19 software with analysis of covariance.ResultsThe results showed that stress management skill training has a significant effect on reducing emotional reactions (P < 0.01). It was noted that after 2 months test group follow-up, stress management training has retained its effect.ConclusionApparently, training addicts about life skills, particularly stress management seems to be a good idea.

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