Women's perspectives, attitudes of health care practitioners, and clinical environment need to be considered if change is to happen in women's preventive behavior related to Pap test screening.

Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) occurs mainly through dietary intake. Due to current lifestyle trends, young people tend to consume fast food, to use disposable products, and to utilize convenient household items, all of which are major sources of EDCs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels throughout three menstrual cycles in female college students who experienced severe menstrual pain. We also analyzed participants’ adherence to the intervention and examined whether their level of adherence was associated with differences in the effects of the intervention. Methods A single-group pretest and repeated posttest experimental design was employed. Thirty female college students with a score of 5 or higher on a menstrual pain scale were recruited through convenience sampling. During three menstrual cycles, menstrual pain was scored on a 10-point scale after each cycle, and urinary BPA levels were measured from the first morning urine collected after each cycle. The intervention involved three components: small-group education, follow-up monitoring, and peer support via social network communication. Statistical analyses were conducted using Friedman one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance by ranks, non-parametric two-way analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test. Results The dietary modification intervention had significant effects on menstrual pain at all three time points of menstrual cycles (χ2 = 119.64, p = 0.000) and on urinary BPA levels until the 2nd menstrual cycle (χ2 = 205.42, p = 0.000). Slightly fewer than half (43.3%) of the participants were highly adherent. Menstrual pain differed according to adherence level (F = 4.67, p = 0.032) and decreased over time through the third cycle post-intervention (F = 18.30, p = 0.000). Urinary BPA levels also decreased significantly (F = 7.94, p = 0.000), but did not differ according to adherence level. Conclusions The dietary modification intervention was effective and sustainable for reducing menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels. Detailed information about EDCs and dietary experiences seemed to encourage the young women to become more concerned about EDCs and to perform self-protective actions. Further experimental research is suggested to examine the relationships of EDCs with various health indicators in women. Trial registration: KCT0005472 at 2020-9-24 retrospectively registered.

• 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목의 교육상황 특성, 설 계특성 및 교육성과의 수준을 확인한다.• 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목의 교수-학습 전략의 적합성을 확인한다.-응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목의 교육상황, 설계 특성 및 교육성과 간의 상관관계를 확인한다. • 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목 진행 절차 자료 분석 방법• 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습에 대한 교육상황 정도, 설계 특성 인식정도, 교육성과 정도는 기술적 통계방법을 사용하 여 분석하였다.• 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습의 교육상황, 설계특성 및 교 육성과 간의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation을 사용하여 분 석하였다.• 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습의 교육성과(실습만족도, 자신 감) 전 · 후 차이는 paired t-test를 사용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과를 기반으로 다음을 제언한다. 간호학생을 위한 응급상황관리 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목 개발 및 적합성 평가• 본 연구에서 개발한 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목의 4가지 시나 리오를 각각 이용하여 반복실습 운영을 통해 효과를 비교하 는 추후 연구를 제언한다.• 본 연구에서 개발한 시뮬레이션 실습 교과목 운영의 효과를 비교할 수 있는 대조군을 둔 실험연구를 시도할 것을 제언 한다.• Purpose: This study was to evaluate the applicability of an emergent care management simulation practicum which is for enhancing nursing students' emergent care management competency based on the Nursing Education Simulation Model. Methods: One group pre-post experimental design was conducted for evaluation of the applicability of the simulation practicum. A convenient sample of 60 senior nursing students was participated. The simulation practicum was provided for 26 hours per student at the end of the first semester of senior year. Educational practices in simulation scale, simulation design scale and learning outcomes were measured. Higher positive correlations between variables represent applicability. Descriptive analysis, paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analyses. Results: Among contractual components of nursing education simulation model, educational practices in simulation and simulation design (r=.80, p<.010), learning outcomes (r= .71-.28, p<.050), simulation design and learning outcomes (r=.72-.30, p<.050) were significantly correlated. Critical thinking (t=-3.63, p<.050) and problem solving competence (t=-2.55, p<.050) were significantly increased by this simulation practicum. It represents the applicability of an emergent care management simulation practicum. Conclusion: This emergent care management simulation practicum was appropriate to enhance the nursing students' emergent care management coping competency.

The aim of this study was to identify the knowledge, barriers, and facilitators of breast self-examination (BSE) in Korean couples in the contemplation stage. The study design was based on assumptions from the Health Belief Model and Transtheoretical Model that contemplators perceiving benefits as greater than barriers are likely to move to the next stage. Participant couples, with wives having never practiced BSE but with an intention to do so, were drawn from churches. Qualitative research was conducted with focus group methodology including both husbands and wives in the groups. Data transcribed from audiotapes were analyzed to identify common themes. Knowledge of breast cancer and BSE included "perceiving risks of getting breast cancer," "behaviors used to stay healthy and detect breast cancer," and "skills in BSE"; barriers to BSE included "lack of sensitivity to breast cancer," "fear of getting bad news," "lack of information," and "shortage of time"; and facilitators of BSE included "making BSE a monthly routine," "continuous systematic interaction from healthcare professionals reaching out to the community," and "encouragement and help from husbands." To improve compliance with BSE, women in the contemplation stage need specific and correct knowledge delivered by diverse materials, reminders, and the inclusion of husbands as facilitators.