Public sphere in social media, which should be used for information exchange, science, also democratic and independent values, currently are partially replaced by certain political economic matters. The public sphere has shifted into media of spreading hate speech. For that reason, this study aims to explain the meaning of the use of public sphere for presence of hate speech texts which are constructed to attack others with differing ideological and political views; also describes factors that affect the use of hate speech. This study applies phenomenological approach to the text of speech hate on social media and its critical impact in Indonesia. Data collection is done through observation, comparison theory, and literature studies. By referring the concept of Habermas (1989) related public sphere, supported by expert statements and qualitative data; conclusions of this article show that public sphere in social media is no longer functioning as a communication media, where thought and knowledge are exchanged for values in a dialogical, independent and democratic way. Its existence has partially replaced by capitalist economic forces and pragmatic politics in order to achieve certain goals instantly, at the expense of its values and social cultural ethics. Ruang publik pada media sosial, yang seharusnya berfungsi sebagai tempat pertukaran gagasan dan ilmu pengetahuan dengan nilai-nilai secara demokratis dan independen, sebagian kini telah tergantikan oleh kekuatan ekonomi politik tertentu. Fungsi ruang publik tersebut kini telah bergeser sebagai arena penyebaran teks ujaran kebencian, yang menyebabkan audiens mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan informasi yang akurat dengan teks yang berupa berita palsu, termasuk ujaran kebencian. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makna teks ujaran kebencian yang beredar melalui saluran media sosial. Artikel ini menjabarkan penggunaan ruang publik atas hadirnya teks ujaran kebencian yang dikonstruksi untuk menyerang pihak lain dengan pandangan ideologi dan politik yang berbeda; serta menjelaskan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penggunaan teks ujaran kebencian. Penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan fenomenologi terhadap teks ujaran kebencian pada media sosial dan dampak kritisnya di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, perbandingan teori, dan studi literatur. Dengan penjabaran yang mengacu pada konsep Habermas (1989) tentang ruang publik, didukung data kualitatif dan argumen lainnya, simpulan dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa ruang publik pada media sosial bukan lagi hanya berfungsi sebagai arena berkomunikasi, tempat pemikiran dan pengetahuan dipertukarkan nilai nilai secara dialogis, independen dan demokratis. Keberadaannya sebagian telah tergeser oleh kekuatan ekonomi kapitalis dan politik pragmatis untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu yang bersifat instan, dengan mengorbankan nilai dan estetika sosial budayanya.
Nationalism has a strategic role in maintaining identity of nation-state. Although it is disputable. This article describes and analyses it from some perspectives. The results are: (a) From economic perspective, it emerges a pragmatic need to achieve dominan economic growth. It's expected to contribute to public welfare, economic stability for nationalism, nation-state; (b). From economic, social politic perspective, globalization and local community strengthenment which is caracterized by regional authonomy. If there is mismanagement, it wil be an obstruction for nationalism; (c). From cultural perspective, there is an indication that culture tends to unravel nationalism, nation -state. Therefore, "glocalisation" of culture in local community should not be viewed as counternationalism againts nation-state, on the contrary, it strengthens nationalism, in the context of nation -state. Media contents is able to frame and articulate representation & nationalism concept. Nation-state is not only in the cognitif level, but also in the level nationalism ideology, nation-state. Hence, nationalism spirit of nation-state must be bolstered, although only by construction on media text.
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