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In Oreochromis niloticus that had been exposed for 3 months to sublethal concentrations (5 and 15 ppm) of the commercial glyphosate herbicide (C(3)H(8)NO(5)P) Roundup, the organs exhibited varying degrees of histopathological change. In the gills filament cell proliferation, lamellar cell hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, and aneurysm were observed. In the liver there were vacuolation of hepatocytes and nuclear pyknosis. Kidney lesions consisted of dilation of Bowman's space and accumulation of hyaline droplets in the tubular epithelial cells. The structural damages could be correlated to the significant increase (p

No abstract

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and kidney of 3-month-old white sea bass, Latescalcarifer, after cadmium exposure were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). One group of fish was exposed to a cadmium concentration of 10 mg/L (acute) for 96 h in a static system, and another group was exposed to cadmium concentrations of 0.8 and 3 mg/L cadmium (subchronic) for 3 months in a recirculation closed system. Ultrastructural alterations observed in the hepatocytes included mitochondrial condensation, swelling, and lysis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) showed dilation, fragmentation, and vesiculation. After subchronic exposure there were numerous large lipid droplets and abundant stored glycogen. Ultrastructural alterations observed in the proximal tubules of the kidney included nuclear degeneration, condensation, and massive swelling of the mitochondria; RER fragmentation and vesiculation. Disorganized brush borders and increased numbers of large hydropic vacuoles and lysosomes were also observed.

After the introduction of the dengue-2 (16681) virus by intradermal (i.d.) injection into the footpads of mice, Langerhans cells (LCs) increased in numbers within 24 h at the site of injection and neutralising antibody developed. On comparing the i.d. and intramuscular (i.m.) routes, antibody was produced more rapidly and at higher levels when the virus was injected by the i.d. route. Subsequent re-challenge by the i.d. route produced an even more rapid serological response with all mice producing significant neutralising titres within 12 h. Numbers of ATPase-positive LCs varied with time. A significant sharp drop in LC densities in the early post-injection phase directly correlated with the increased numbers of dendritic cells in the superficial dermis and interfollicular sinuses of draining lymph nodes (LN). Immunofluorescence showed the presence of viral antigen in the footpad epidermis and draining LN within minutes or within 2 h of challenge, respectively.