This study aimed to determine the effect of elevation on survival and growth of mangrove seedlings during the establishment period. Seven typical mangrove species, Rhizophora mucronata Poir, R. apiculata Bl., Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Bl., Ceriops tagal (Pirr.) C.B. Rob., Sonneratia alba J. Sm., Avicennia officinalis L. and Xylocarpus granatum Koenig were planted at various topographic sites in an intertidal zone of Phang Nga province, southern Thailand. These six bare areas included two that were abandoned after tin mining and four gap areas in natural habitats in June 1998. The experimental plots were on a slope and showed a maximal elevation difference of 1.8 m. The plots were naturally submerged with 2-3% saline water twice a day. Salinity, pH and the concentrations of several ions in the soil water were similar in all the plots. Survival and growth performance of seedlings were measured every 6 months. Many seedlings of B. cylindrica, C. tagal and X. granatum planted at lower elevations died with a year. R. mucronata and S. alba survived even at the lowest elevations, but showed changes in growth rate in response to topography. Thus, early growth of the seven mangrove species at different elevations differed and showed increasing tolerance to higher tidal inundations in the order: R. mucronata, S. alba, R. apiculata, A. officinalis, C. tagal, B. cylindrica and X. granatum. These findings provide guideline information for appropriate species selection in a mangrove rehabilitation program.
We assembled a dataset tabulating the weights of Thai and Indonesian mangrove trees that we measured between 1982 and 2001. We selected four Thai study sites in Phang Nga, Ranong, Satun, and Trat Provinces and one site in eastern Indonesia on Halmahera Island in Maluku Province. The stands in Ranong Province and on Halmahera Island were in primary forests with data collected in the 1980s and the remaining stands were in secondary forests with data collected later. We collected 124 tree samples from ten species (Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba, S. caseolaris, Xylocarpus granatum, and X. moluccensis) and measured the root weights of 32 individuals of nine species (A. alba, B. cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, S. alba, S. caseolaris, and X. granatum). All sampled trees were subjected to a standardized protocol to obtain aboveground weights. The trunks were divided into horizontal segments from which the leaves and branches were collected separately. Roots were collected by winching them out of the ground, by trench digging, or by complete excavation. Thus, we were able to compile the weights of the trunk, branches, leaves, and roots of each tree sampled. Aerial roots were included in root weight measurements, although they were collected above ground. We compiled separate lists of trunk diameters, trunk heights, heights of the lowest living branches, and the heights of aerial roots on the trunks of trees in different size categories. Our dataset includes a wide range of tree sizes (maximum trunk diameter 48.9 cm), geographical locations (1°10¢N-12°24¢N, 98°32¢E-123°49¢E) and organ weights (trunks, branches, leaves, and roots), and therefore should prove useful in future biomass studies of mangrove forests.
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